From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: (qmail 22421 invoked by alias); 26 Jan 2011 14:56:56 -0000 Received: (qmail 22413 invoked by uid 22791); 26 Jan 2011 14:56:55 -0000 X-SWARE-Spam-Status: No, hits=-2.2 required=5.0 tests=AWL,BAYES_00,DKIM_SIGNED,DKIM_VALID,DKIM_VALID_AU,SPF_HELO_PASS,T_RP_MATCHES_RCVD X-Spam-Check-By: sourceware.org Received: from smtp-out.google.com (HELO smtp-out.google.com) (216.239.44.51) by sourceware.org (qpsmtpd/0.43rc1) with ESMTP; Wed, 26 Jan 2011 14:56:47 +0000 Received: from wpaz1.hot.corp.google.com (wpaz1.hot.corp.google.com [172.24.198.65]) by smtp-out.google.com with ESMTP id p0QEujOK000587 for ; Wed, 26 Jan 2011 06:56:45 -0800 Received: from gwb20 (gwb20.prod.google.com [10.200.2.20]) by wpaz1.hot.corp.google.com with ESMTP id p0QEuiGb011813 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=RC4-MD5 bits=128 verify=NOT) for ; Wed, 26 Jan 2011 06:56:44 -0800 Received: by gwb20 with SMTP id 20so183586gwb.31 for ; Wed, 26 Jan 2011 06:56:44 -0800 (PST) Received: by 10.147.136.15 with SMTP id o15mr10066239yan.12.1296053804030; Wed, 26 Jan 2011 06:56:44 -0800 (PST) Received: from coign.google.com ([67.218.105.75]) by mx.google.com with ESMTPS id 3sm1166905yhl.0.2011.01.26.06.56.42 (version=TLSv1/SSLv3 cipher=RC4-MD5); Wed, 26 Jan 2011 06:56:43 -0800 (PST) From: Ian Lance Taylor To: ali hagigat Cc: binutils@sourceware.org Subject: Re: The meaning of LMA and location counter in GNU ld References: Date: Wed, 26 Jan 2011 14:56:00 -0000 In-Reply-To: (ali hagigat's message of "Wed, 26 Jan 2011 11:40:15 +0330") Message-ID: User-Agent: Gnus/5.13 (Gnus v5.13) Emacs/23.1 (gnu/linux) MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii X-System-Of-Record: true X-IsSubscribed: yes Mailing-List: contact binutils-help@sourceware.org; run by ezmlm Precedence: bulk List-Id: List-Subscribe: List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: , Sender: binutils-owner@sourceware.org X-SW-Source: 2011-01/txt/msg00361.txt.bz2 ali hagigat writes: > 3.6.8.2 Output Section LMA > If neither AT nor AT> is specified for an allocatable section, the > linker will set the LMA such that the difference between VMA and LMA > for the section is the same as the preceding output section in the > same region. > --------------------------------------------------------------- > I wonder if you can give an example regarding to the above lines of the manual. This seems like a question that you can answer yourself, by simply writing a script which omits AT and AT>. The words seem completely clear in any case, so I don't know how to answer except to repeat the text that you have quoted. You are asking a lot of questions. I'm willing to answer specific questions. But I would like to encourage you to take some time to think about this stuff, and to experiment with it. While there is certainly a lot of terminology to learn, it's not that hard to figure out the basics. If you work with it yourself, you will most likely learn it better. It will also give you the chance to ask more specific questions, like "I tried this, I expected X, but instead I saw Y; why?". Ian