Re: Cygwin participation threshold

Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Christopher G. Faylor]

>From: Steve Morris <smorris@nexen.com>
>Date: Fri, 26 Feb 1999 11:55:50 -0500 (EST)
>
>In all this discussion something important is being lost. Cris
>bemoaned the lack of development support for cygwin and asked for
>reasons. I and others tried to explain where we think the issues
>are. Inevitably this comes out sounding negative, but at least on my
>part, this is not intended. Maybe we took Cris' questions too
>literally. Flogging Cygnus was not the intent. We were trying to offer
>legitimate feedback to a legitimate question.
>
>Let me reiterate that Cygnus is clearly one of the Good Guys. The best
>guys are the Cygnus employees (like Cris) who volunteer their own time
>to this project.
>
>Many of us are rooting for Cygnus and are hoping more companies figure
>out how to make money on free software; because they then tend to give
>back. As an example gcc and gdb have been in much better shape all
>these years since Cygnus became the official release site.

Thanks very much for this positive note.

I was hoping that my original message would generate a lot of discussion
because I thought that it would give DJ and myself an opportunity to
explain something about Cygnus/Cygwin as well as providing a venue
for everyone else to provide their outlook.

It may not be obvious but I do appreciate any and all feedback on this
issue.  It certainly helps educate me on people's perception of my
company and my product.  I do want to understand what people think
about this.

That doesn't mean that I won't argue with perceptions that I think
are wrong but I certainly respect everyone's right to an opinion.

Again, thanks to you and to the handful of other people who sent me
private supportive email.  I appreciate it.

cgf

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mySQL, mSQL, PostgreSQL with cygwin ?

[Sebastien Barre]

I was wondering if anyone of you did successfully build/install/test one of
these products with Cygwin32 :

	- mySQL
	- mSQL
	- PostgreSQL

Thanks :)

(I already found something related to mSQL at the Cygwin Porting Projet
http://www.student.uni-koeln.de/cygwin/Distribution/Source/msql/ , but it
seems not complete). 

______________________________________________________________
Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Christopher G. Faylor]

>From: Steve Morris <smorris@nexen.com>
>Date: Fri, 26 Feb 1999 11:55:50 -0500 (EST)
>
>In all this discussion something important is being lost. Cris
>bemoaned the lack of development support for cygwin and asked for
>reasons. I and others tried to explain where we think the issues
>are. Inevitably this comes out sounding negative, but at least on my
>part, this is not intended. Maybe we took Cris' questions too
>literally. Flogging Cygnus was not the intent. We were trying to offer
>legitimate feedback to a legitimate question.
>
>Let me reiterate that Cygnus is clearly one of the Good Guys. The best
>guys are the Cygnus employees (like Cris) who volunteer their own time
>to this project.
>
>Many of us are rooting for Cygnus and are hoping more companies figure
>out how to make money on free software; because they then tend to give
>back. As an example gcc and gdb have been in much better shape all
>these years since Cygnus became the official release site.

Thanks very much for this positive note.

I was hoping that my original message would generate a lot of discussion
because I thought that it would give DJ and myself an opportunity to
explain something about Cygnus/Cygwin as well as providing a venue
for everyone else to provide their outlook.

It may not be obvious but I do appreciate any and all feedback on this
issue.  It certainly helps educate me on people's perception of my
company and my product.  I do want to understand what people think
about this.

That doesn't mean that I won't argue with perceptions that I think
are wrong but I certainly respect everyone's right to an opinion.

Again, thanks to you and to the handful of other people who sent me
private supportive email.  I appreciate it.

cgf

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mySQL, mSQL, PostgreSQL with cygwin ?

[Sebastien Barre]

I was wondering if anyone of you did successfully build/install/test one of
these products with Cygwin32 :

	- mySQL
	- mSQL
	- PostgreSQL

Thanks :)

(I already found something related to mSQL at the Cygwin Porting Projet
http://www.student.uni-koeln.de/cygwin/Distribution/Source/msql/ , but it
seems not complete). 

______________________________________________________________
Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/

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Re: mySQL, mSQL, PostgreSQL with cygwin ?

[Stipe Tolj]

> I was wondering if anyone of you did successfully build/install/test one of
> these products with Cygwin32 :
>
>         - mySQL
>         - mSQL
>         - PostgreSQL
>
> Thanks :)
>
> (I already found something related to mSQL at the Cygwin Porting Projet
> http://www.student.uni-koeln.de/cygwin/Distribution/Source/msql/ , but it
> seems not complete).

sorry, the mSQL 2.0.4.1 source port is outdated and non-stable.

A contributed stable port of mSQL 2.0.5 may be found within the camp-1.1b
(Cygwin Apache mSQL PHP3) embedded web authoring environment in binary form at

    http://www.student.uni-koeln.de/cygwin/Distribution/Binary

A contributed PostgreSQL 6.4 port in binary form is also available at this
location, but it's only supposed to run on NT.

MySQL is _not_ ported to Cygwin due to the lack of the pthreads functions used
in the multi-user multi-threaded MySQL database engine. Currently Cygwin is
getting at least experimental support for pthreads functions, but I suppose it
will take some time to get a stable port of MySQL done to Cygwin.

There is a native Win32 shareware version of MySQL 3.21.29a which works
perfectly with our Apache 1.3.4 and integrated PHP 3.0.6, check out MySQL's
official web site.

Regards,
Stipe

--
Stipe Tolj <tolj@uni-duesseldorf.de>

Cygwin Porting Project -- "We build UNIX on top of Windows"
http://www.student.uni-koeln.de/cygwin/

Department of Economical Computer Science
University of Cologne, Germany




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Re: mySQL, mSQL, PostgreSQL with cygwin ?

[Sebastien Barre]

At 07:59 01/03/99 +0100, Stipe Tolj wrote:

>A contributed PostgreSQL 6.4 port in binary form is also available at this
>location, but it's only supposed to run on NT

Very good. I also downloaded the 6.4.2 source and will try to compile it.
Too bad there isn't a diff file at your location, but if I fail, I will
install the binary, for sure.

>MySQL is _not_ ported to Cygwin due to the lack of the pthreads functions used
>in the multi-user multi-threaded MySQL database engine. Currently Cygwin is
>getting at least experimental support for pthreads functions, but I suppose it
>will take some time to get a stable port of MySQL done to Cygwin.

Thanks for the information, but there is something very obscure to me, they
ARE binaries for cygwin32 :
http://www.tcx.se/download.html

"MySQL 3.22.10 clients compiled with the cygwin32 kit. This includes
'mysql' with readline editing capabilities. " and a link to
http://www.tcx.se/Downloads/Win32/mysqlclient-3.22.10b-cygwin-b20.tar.gz

I downloaded it, here is the content :

-rw-r--r-- tolj/None    723652 1998-11-08 17:59 cygwin1.dll
-rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     41472 1998-11-17 19:40 insert_test.exe
-rwxr-xr-x tolj/None    192512 1998-11-17 19:40 mysql.exe
-rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     55296 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqladmin.exe
-rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     62464 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqldump.exe
-rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     53760 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqlimport.exe
-rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     53760 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqlshow.exe
-rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     41472 1998-11-17 19:40 select_test.exe

Which seems to mean that the mySQL DLL was succesfully built (how ??), and
linked or added to the original cygwin1.dll ? If it's true, it may remove
my coolview support, am I wrong ? 

Furthermore, you have to get a license to use it officialy.

>There is a native Win32 shareware version of MySQL 3.21.29a which works
>perfectly with our Apache 1.3.4 and integrated PHP 3.0.6, check out MySQL's
>official web site.

I do not know if I'll be able to use it with Perl built for cygwin ? If I
compile a DBI module for MySQL within my cygwin perl context, the DLL
formats won't match I guess.

Regards


______________________________________________________________
Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/

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[HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Sebastien Barre]

[-- Warning: decoded text below may be mangled, UTF-8 assumed --]
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 4449 bytes --]

Dear cygwin people

As some of you might have noticed (sorry for the flood), I'm still trying
to arbitrate The Fight between Perl 5.002 and cygwin32-B20.1 (the
battlefield being NT4/SP4). Well, thanks to some of you, I nearly did it
(and also ruined a couple of nights), but a strange problem lead me to some
more confusion :

Problem : although I'm working as single user on a standalone workstation,
and always logged as sysadmin ("administrateur" in french), cygwin seems to
see/create the files on my hard disk as *not* belonging to me, but to
another "being" (which is not obvious to me). 

I'll do my best to describe it (it's really *easy* to observe) : let's have
a look at a simple Perl example, then a short C example with stat(), and my
/etc/passwd and /etc/group. Finally I will create a simple file with
'touch', and you will notice that it will be reported as NOT belonging to
me and not being writable :((

Note : this seems specific to NT, which is not surprising regarding file
permissions.


Perl example :
----------------------

Note : I created /etc/passwd and /etc/group with 'mkpasswd -l' and 'mkgroup
-l' respectively, as reported in many FAQS.

administrateur [26] /etc$ perl -e 'print "yes" if -w "group";'

administrateur [27] /etc$ ll
total 7
-rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun          27 Feb 26 02:45 group
-rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun         65 Mar  1 21:08 passwd
-rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun        9828 Dec  1 14:00 termcap

That command (-w) will display 'yes' if the file (here, /etc/group) is
writable. Apparently, it fails. And fails everywhere in my filesystem. The
'-w' command is using C<stat>, let's move on :


C example :
----------------------
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
    struct stat mystat;

    stat("group", &mystat);

    printf("mode : %o, uid : %u, gid : %u\n", 
           mystat.st_mode, mystat.st_uid, mystat.st_gid);

    exit(0);
}

Run :

administrateur [52] /etc$ gcc mystat.c

administrateur [53] /etc$ a.exe
mode : 100644, uid : 544, gid : 513

administrateur [55] /etc$ ll group
-rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun          27 Feb 26 02:45 group

Which means : 
	- /etc/group belongs to user which UID is 544, and to group which GID is 513
	- it's a regular file (100000), 
	- read/write permission to owner (600), read permission to group (40) and
read to other (4).

BUT (and it drives me crazy). I CREATED that file, and I'm NOT user 544 !
(more about this strange fellow below).

administrateur [56] /etc$ whoami
administrateur

administrateur [74] /etc$ cat passwd
Administrateur::500:513:seb::/bin/sh
InvitÚ::501:513:::/bin/sh

administrateur [75] /etc$ cat group
Aucun::513:
Everyone::0:

Obviously, I'm user 500 (I changed my name to 'seb' so that to check). 
=> Therefore WHY are all files created as 544 (even with tar) ? (the group
is correct : 513).

I thought it was related to /etc/passwd, but I just do NOT UNDERSTAND the
difference between -l and -g option for 'mkpasswd'.

   -l,--local              print local accounts
   -g,--local-groups       print local group information too

administrateur [77] /etc$ mkpasswd -l
Administrateur::500:513:seb::/bin/sh
InvitÚ::501:513:::/bin/sh

administrateur [79] /etc$ mkpasswd -g
Administrateurs::544:0:::
Duplicateurs::552:0:::
InvitÚs::546:0:::
OpÚrateurs de sauvegarde::551:0:::
Utilisateurs::545:0:::
Utilisateurs avec pouvoir::547:0:::

=> who are these users ?!? these should be groups !! I'm belonging to the
"Administrateurs" group for NT (in the "Gestionnaire d'utilisateurs" ~=
"User manager"), and this has been translated to a user, I'm completely
lost :((

=> dumping 'mkpasswd -l -g' to /etc/passwd (instead of 'mkpasswd -l') did
NOT help.

Here is the same joke :

administrateur [84] /etc$ touch test

administrateur [85] /etc$ ll test
-rw-r--r--   1 544      Aucun           0 Mar  1 21:46 test

administrateur [86] /etc$ perl -e 'print "yes" if -w "test";'
administrateur [87] /etc$

WOAH : I created a file, and it's automatically assigned to someone else !
Give me my file back please :( 
And of course, although I created it, it's now NOT writable for cygwin.


I guess I might be just dumb. Any help would be really appreciated (by my
mental health).

Thanks






______________________________________________________________
Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Larry Hall (RFK Partners, Inc)]

At 10:14 PM 3/1/99 +0100, Sebastien Barre wrote:
>administrateur [27] /etc$ ll
>total 7
>-rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun          27 Feb 26 02:45 group
>-rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun         65 Mar  1 21:08 passwd
>-rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun        9828 Dec  1 14:00 termcap
>
>That command (-w) will display 'yes' if the file (here, /etc/group) is
>writable. Apparently, it fails. And fails everywhere in my filesystem. The
>'-w' command is using C<stat>, let's move on :


This is a known bug.  testing for file permissions will not return "yes"
unless that permission is given to everyone.  This may be related to the
fact that you are the "Administrator" (see below).


>BUT (and it drives me crazy). I CREATED that file, and I'm NOT user 544 !
>(more about this strange fellow below).


544 is the "Administrator" group, which is used as the UID of everyone in
that group.  This has been discussed many times on this list and is an NTism.



Larry Hall                             lhall@rfk.com
RFK Partners, Inc.                     (781) 239-1053
8 Grove Street                         (781) 239-1655
Wellesley, MA, 02482-7797              http://www.rfk.com

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[John Fortin]

[-- Warning: decoded text below may be mangled, UTF-8 assumed --]
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 5297 bytes --]

I think I said this before...  I had the same problem.  It has to do ( it seems ) with
being part of the administrator group.  NT assigns the owner of the file to 544 if you
are part of the administrator group.

Try this if you like.  Create a new user and set it up like your normal on EXCEPT don't
make it part of the adminstrator group.  You may need to set up some different
directories to mirror what you have now but owned by the new userid.  Try your build
there.

Sebastien Barre wrote:

> Dear cygwin people
>
> As some of you might have noticed (sorry for the flood), I'm still trying
> to arbitrate The Fight between Perl 5.002 and cygwin32-B20.1 (the
> battlefield being NT4/SP4). Well, thanks to some of you, I nearly did it
> (and also ruined a couple of nights), but a strange problem lead me to some
> more confusion :
>
> Problem : although I'm working as single user on a standalone workstation,
> and always logged as sysadmin ("administrateur" in french), cygwin seems to
> see/create the files on my hard disk as *not* belonging to me, but to
> another "being" (which is not obvious to me).
>
> I'll do my best to describe it (it's really *easy* to observe) : let's have
> a look at a simple Perl example, then a short C example with stat(), and my
> /etc/passwd and /etc/group. Finally I will create a simple file with
> 'touch', and you will notice that it will be reported as NOT belonging to
> me and not being writable :((
>
> Note : this seems specific to NT, which is not surprising regarding file
> permissions.
>
> Perl example :
> ----------------------
>
> Note : I created /etc/passwd and /etc/group with 'mkpasswd -l' and 'mkgroup
> -l' respectively, as reported in many FAQS.
>
> administrateur [26] /etc$ perl -e 'print "yes" if -w "group";'
>
> administrateur [27] /etc$ ll
> total 7
> -rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun          27 Feb 26 02:45 group
> -rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun         65 Mar  1 21:08 passwd
> -rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun        9828 Dec  1 14:00 termcap
>
> That command (-w) will display 'yes' if the file (here, /etc/group) is
> writable. Apparently, it fails. And fails everywhere in my filesystem. The
> '-w' command is using C<stat>, let's move on :
>
> C example :
> ----------------------
> #include <sys/stat.h>
> #include <stdlib.h>
>
> int main() {
>     struct stat mystat;
>
>     stat("group", &mystat);
>
>     printf("mode : %o, uid : %u, gid : %u\n",
>            mystat.st_mode, mystat.st_uid, mystat.st_gid);
>
>     exit(0);
> }
>
> Run :
>
> administrateur [52] /etc$ gcc mystat.c
>
> administrateur [53] /etc$ a.exe
> mode : 100644, uid : 544, gid : 513
>
> administrateur [55] /etc$ ll group
> -rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun          27 Feb 26 02:45 group
>
> Which means :
>         - /etc/group belongs to user which UID is 544, and to group which GID is 513
>         - it's a regular file (100000),
>         - read/write permission to owner (600), read permission to group (40) and
> read to other (4).
>
> BUT (and it drives me crazy). I CREATED that file, and I'm NOT user 544 !
> (more about this strange fellow below).
>
> administrateur [56] /etc$ whoami
> administrateur
>
> administrateur [74] /etc$ cat passwd
> Administrateur::500:513:seb::/bin/sh
> InvitÚ::501:513:::/bin/sh
>
> administrateur [75] /etc$ cat group
> Aucun::513:
> Everyone::0:
>
> Obviously, I'm user 500 (I changed my name to 'seb' so that to check).
> => Therefore WHY are all files created as 544 (even with tar) ? (the group
> is correct : 513).
>
> I thought it was related to /etc/passwd, but I just do NOT UNDERSTAND the
> difference between -l and -g option for 'mkpasswd'.
>
>    -l,--local              print local accounts
>    -g,--local-groups       print local group information too
>
> administrateur [77] /etc$ mkpasswd -l
> Administrateur::500:513:seb::/bin/sh
> InvitÚ::501:513:::/bin/sh
>
> administrateur [79] /etc$ mkpasswd -g
> Administrateurs::544:0:::
> Duplicateurs::552:0:::
> InvitÚs::546:0:::
> OpÚrateurs de sauvegarde::551:0:::
> Utilisateurs::545:0:::
> Utilisateurs avec pouvoir::547:0:::
>
> => who are these users ?!? these should be groups !! I'm belonging to the
> "Administrateurs" group for NT (in the "Gestionnaire d'utilisateurs" ~=
> "User manager"), and this has been translated to a user, I'm completely
> lost :((
>
> => dumping 'mkpasswd -l -g' to /etc/passwd (instead of 'mkpasswd -l') did
> NOT help.
>
> Here is the same joke :
>
> administrateur [84] /etc$ touch test
>
> administrateur [85] /etc$ ll test
> -rw-r--r--   1 544      Aucun           0 Mar  1 21:46 test
>
> administrateur [86] /etc$ perl -e 'print "yes" if -w "test";'
> administrateur [87] /etc$
>
> WOAH : I created a file, and it's automatically assigned to someone else !
> Give me my file back please :(
> And of course, although I created it, it's now NOT writable for cygwin.
>
> I guess I might be just dumb. Any help would be really appreciated (by my
> mental health).
>
> Thanks
>
> ______________________________________________________________
> Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/
>
> --
> Want to unsubscribe from this list?
> Send a message to cygwin-unsubscribe@sourceware.cygnus.com




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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Sebastien Barre]

At 16:49 01/03/99 -0500, you wrote:

>I think I said this before...

Sorry, I'm new, and the search feature is down :(

>I had the same problem.  It has to do ( it 
>seems ) with being part of the administrator group.  NT assigns the owner
of the file to 
>544 if you are part of the administrator group.

I see. Thanks to Microsoft ?

>Try this if you like.  Create a new user and set it up like your normal on 
>EXCEPT don't
>make it part of the adminstrator group.  You may need to set up some different
>directories to mirror what you have now but owned by the new userid.  Try 
>your build
>there.

All right. But in fact the build is no more the problem : the problem is
the behaviour of perl regarding this bug in "everyday life."

Thanx for your help

______________________________________________________________
Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Sebastien Barre]

At 16:38 01/03/99 -0500, Larry Hall (RFK Partners, Inc) wrote:

>This is a known bug.

Arghh.

>testing for file permissions will not return "yes"
>unless that permission is given to everyone.  This may be related to the
>fact that you are the "Administrator" (see below).

>544 is the "Administrator" group, which is used as the UID of everyone in
>that group.

But shall be used as GID instead.

> This has been discussed many times on this list and is an NTism.

Is there a workaround ? I mean, if this is a know bug, is there a way to
fix it in the cygwin sources ?

Thanks for your help

______________________________________________________________
Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[DJ Delorie]

> Sorry, I'm new, and the search feature is down :(

I've arranged to have the search link point to
http://www.delorie.com/archives/ until the sourceware engine can be
fixed.


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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Larry Hall (RFK Partners, Inc)]

At 11:27 PM 3/1/99 +0100, Sebastien Barre wrote:
>> This has been discussed many times on this list and is an NTism.
>
>Is there a workaround ? I mean, if this is a know bug, is there a way to
>fix it in the cygwin sources ?
>

Workarounds?  You might try removing yourself from Administrators group.
This may do the trick.  Alternatively, you can change your umask so that 
write permision is given to everyone.  That should solve it too.  

Fixing the bug in the source is also possible.  I know Corinna has been 
doing some work with making permissions track more closely with UNIX style.
I'm not sure whether his changes will help in this arena...


Larry Hall                             lhall@rfk.com
RFK Partners, Inc.                     (781) 239-1053
8 Grove Street                         (781) 239-1655
Wellesley, MA, 02482-7797              http://www.rfk.com

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Sebastien Barre]

At 17:43 01/03/99 -0500, you wrote:

>>Is there a workaround ? I mean, if this is a know bug, is there a way to
>>fix it in the cygwin sources ?

>Workarounds?  You might try removing yourself from Administrators group.

Which seems a bit risky.

>This may do the trick.  Alternatively, you can change your umask so that 
>write permision is given to everyone.

That sounds interesting, could you please be more specific, I'm not exactly
a umask guru, and I have no man page. Thanks a lot for any help.

>Fixing the bug in the source is also possible.  I know Corinna has been 
>doing some work with making permissions track more closely with UNIX style.
>I'm not sure whether his changes will help in this arena...

I do not want to put pressure on the cygwin team if I can solve it myself
in a efficent way, they already do a great job.

Sincerely


______________________________________________________________
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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Lassi A. Tuura]

On Mon, 1 Mar 1999, Larry Hall (RFK Partners, Inc) wrote:
|> Fixing the bug in the source is also possible.  I know Corinna has been 
|> doing some work with making permissions track more closely with UNIX style.
|> I'm not sure whether his changes will help in this arena...

If somebody is going to fix this, I would strongly encourage to fix it
in a way that uses `access' to determine file permissions, not something
based on `stat'.

This would have the benefit of making things work on the AFS filesystem
as well, where using getuid and st_uid (or similar) to determine
accessibility is meaningless: AFS uses ACLs and tokens that determine
access rights, and the application has no way to know either of these
unless it links against the AFS/Kerberos libraries.  Please make the
scheme trust the operating system (or network file system deamons), and
not to build additional logic that fails with ACL-based systems.  For
example, GNU test program has this bug -- it depends on `stat' instead
of `access'. 

Presumably Win32 system calls responds like AFS with ACLs -- call the
right function (`access'?) and it will tell you whether you can access
the file or not.  Alternatively, `stat' should use the security API to
fill in the st_mode fields correctly, but I am not sure this will work
with networked file systems that implement their own security rules.

Cheers,
//lat
--
With sufficient thrust, pigs fly just fine.  However, this is not
necessarily a good idea.  It is hard to be sure where they are going
to land, and it could be dangerous sitting under them as they fly
overhead.  --RFC1925, "The Twelve Networking Truths"


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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Heinz-Jürgen Oertel]

[-- Warning: decoded text below may be mangled, UTF-8 assumed --]
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 2596 bytes --]

Sebastien Barre schrieb:
> 
> At 17:43 01/03/99 -0500, you wrote:
> 
>
> That sounds interesting, could you please be more specific, I'm not exactly
> a umask guru, and I have no man page. Thanks a lot for any help.
> 

       umask [-S] [mask]
              Display  or  set the file permission creation mask,
              or umask (see umask(2)).  If the -S option is used,
              the mask displayed or set is symbolic, otherwise it
              is an octal number.

              Symbolic masks are like those used by chmod(1):
                     [ugoa]{{=+-}{rwx}*}+[,...]
              in which the first group of characters is  the  who
              part, the second group is the op part, and the last
              group is the perm part.   The  who  part  specifies
              which  part  of  the  umask is to be modified.  The
              letters mean:
                      u      the user permissions

                      g      the group permissions

                      o      the  other  permissions   (non-user,
                             non-group)

                      a      all  permissions  (user,  group  and
                             other)

              The op part indicates how the who  permissions  are
              to be modified:

                      =      set

                      +      added to

                      -      removed from
              The perm part specifies which permissions are to be
              set, added or removed:

                      r      read permission

                      w      write permission

                      x      execute permission

              When symbolic masks are used,  they  describe  what
              permissions  may  be  made available (as opposed to
              octal masks in which a set  bit  means  the  corre­
              sponding   bit   is   to   be  cleared).   Example:
              `ug=rwx,o=' sets the mask  so  files  will  not  be
              readable,  writable  or executable by `others', and
              is equivalent (on most systems) to the  octal  mask
              `07'.



-- 
with best regards / mit freundlichen Grüßen

  Heinz-Jürgen Oertel

==========================================
Heinz-Juergen Oertel
port GmbH            phone +49 3493 743-10
Antonienstr. 3       fax   +49 3493 743-15
D-06749 Bitterfeld   mailto:service@port.de
Germany              http://www.port.de
==========================================

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Geoffrey Noer]

On Tue, Mar 02, 1999, Sebastien Barre wrote:
[...]
> >Fixing the bug in the source is also possible.  I know Corinna has been 
> >doing some work with making permissions track more closely with UNIX style.
[...]

Note that these changes aren't being ignored.  I'm trying to stabilize
my build environment again (pesky internal compiler errors, sigh) and
then I'll be looking into/testing her changes.  Hopefully we'll be
adding them soon to the development sources...

-- 
Geoffrey Noer		Email: noer@cygnus.com
Cygnus Solutions

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Sebastien Barre]

At 17:43 01/03/99 -0500, Larry Hall (RFK Partners, Inc) wrote:
>At 11:27 PM 3/1/99 +0100, Sebastien Barre wrote:
>>> This has been discussed many times on this list and is an NTism.
>>
>>Is there a workaround ? I mean, if this is a know bug, is there a way to
>>fix it in the cygwin sources ?

>Workarounds?  You might try removing yourself from Administrators group.
>This may do the trick.  Alternatively, you can change your umask so that 
>write permision is given to everyone.  That should solve it too.  

Well, write permission was *already* given to anyone :

administrateur [21] ~$ umask
000
administrateur [22] ~$ umask -S
u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx

and this had no influence :

administrateur [23] ~$ touch foo
administrateur [24] ~$ ll foo
-rw-r--r--   1 544      Aucun           0 Mar  5 21:46 foo
administrateur [26] ~$ perl -e 'print "yes" if -w "foo";'
administrateur [27] ~$



______________________________________________________________
Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Larry Hall]

At 09:47 PM 3/5/99 +0100, Sebastien Barre wrote:
>At 17:43 01/03/99 -0500, Larry Hall (RFK Partners, Inc) wrote:
>>At 11:27 PM 3/1/99 +0100, Sebastien Barre wrote:
>>>> This has been discussed many times on this list and is an NTism.
>>>
>>>Is there a workaround ? I mean, if this is a know bug, is there a way to
>>>fix it in the cygwin sources ?
>
>>Workarounds?  You might try removing yourself from Administrators group.
>>This may do the trick.  Alternatively, you can change your umask so that 
>>write permision is given to everyone.  That should solve it too.  
>
>Well, write permission was *already* given to anyone :
>
>administrateur [21] ~$ umask
>000
>administrateur [22] ~$ umask -S
>u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx
>
>and this had no influence :
>
>administrateur [23] ~$ touch foo
>administrateur [24] ~$ ll foo
>-rw-r--r--   1 544      Aucun           0 Mar  5 21:46 foo
>administrateur [26] ~$ perl -e 'print "yes" if -w "foo";'
>administrateur [27] ~$
>
>


I think I mentioned this to you before but I believe I initially left out
that you need to set "ntea" in your CYGWIN environment variable for the 
permissions to explicitly show up via ls and friends.  Be sure to check the
FAQ/archives about the issues with using "ntea" and FAT partitions however...




Larry Hall                              lhall@rfk.com
RFK Partners, Inc.                      (781) 239-1053
8 Grove Street                          (781) 239-1655 - FAX
Wellesley, MA  02482-7797               http://www.rfk.com

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Re: mySQL, mSQL, PostgreSQL with cygwin ?

[Stipe Tolj]

> Thanks for the information, but there is something very obscure to me, they
> ARE binaries for cygwin32 :
> http://www.tcx.se/download.html
>
> "MySQL 3.22.10 clients compiled with the cygwin32 kit. This includes
> 'mysql' with readline editing capabilities. " and a link to
> http://www.tcx.se/Downloads/Win32/mysqlclient-3.22.10b-cygwin-b20.tar.gz
>
> I downloaded it, here is the content :
>
> -rw-r--r-- tolj/None    723652 1998-11-08 17:59 cygwin1.dll
> -rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     41472 1998-11-17 19:40 insert_test.exe
> -rwxr-xr-x tolj/None    192512 1998-11-17 19:40 mysql.exe
> -rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     55296 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqladmin.exe
> -rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     62464 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqldump.exe
> -rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     53760 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqlimport.exe
> -rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     53760 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqlshow.exe
> -rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     41472 1998-11-17 19:40 select_test.exe

these cygwin b20 mysql client files have been provided by me to Monti from TcX.

The libmysqlclient.a lib and all client files have been ported to cygwin by us, but
the mysqld daemon uses pthreads which are currently not or at leasr experimentacly
supported within the latest cygwin snapshot.

So you will have to wait for a cygwin port of mysql until pthreads are running or
get a license for the native Win32 port provided from TcX.

Regards,
Stipe

--
Stipe Tolj <tolj@uni-duesseldorf.de>

Cygwin Porting Project -- "We build UNIX on top of Windows"
http://www.student.uni-koeln.de/cygwin/

Department of Economical Computer Science
University of Cologne, Germany





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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Sebastien Barre]

At 16:49 01/03/99 -0500, you wrote:

>I think I said this before...

Sorry, I'm new, and the search feature is down :(

>I had the same problem.  It has to do ( it 
>seems ) with being part of the administrator group.  NT assigns the owner
of the file to 
>544 if you are part of the administrator group.

I see. Thanks to Microsoft ?

>Try this if you like.  Create a new user and set it up like your normal on 
>EXCEPT don't
>make it part of the adminstrator group.  You may need to set up some different
>directories to mirror what you have now but owned by the new userid.  Try 
>your build
>there.

All right. But in fact the build is no more the problem : the problem is
the behaviour of perl regarding this bug in "everyday life."

Thanx for your help

______________________________________________________________
Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Larry Hall (RFK Partners, Inc)]

At 10:14 PM 3/1/99 +0100, Sebastien Barre wrote:
>administrateur [27] /etc$ ll
>total 7
>-rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun          27 Feb 26 02:45 group
>-rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun         65 Mar  1 21:08 passwd
>-rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun        9828 Dec  1 14:00 termcap
>
>That command (-w) will display 'yes' if the file (here, /etc/group) is
>writable. Apparently, it fails. And fails everywhere in my filesystem. The
>'-w' command is using C<stat>, let's move on :


This is a known bug.  testing for file permissions will not return "yes"
unless that permission is given to everyone.  This may be related to the
fact that you are the "Administrator" (see below).


>BUT (and it drives me crazy). I CREATED that file, and I'm NOT user 544 !
>(more about this strange fellow below).


544 is the "Administrator" group, which is used as the UID of everyone in
that group.  This has been discussed many times on this list and is an NTism.



Larry Hall                             lhall@rfk.com
RFK Partners, Inc.                     (781) 239-1053
8 Grove Street                         (781) 239-1655
Wellesley, MA, 02482-7797              http://www.rfk.com

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Re: mySQL, mSQL, PostgreSQL with cygwin ?

[Sebastien Barre]

At 07:59 01/03/99 +0100, Stipe Tolj wrote:

>A contributed PostgreSQL 6.4 port in binary form is also available at this
>location, but it's only supposed to run on NT

Very good. I also downloaded the 6.4.2 source and will try to compile it.
Too bad there isn't a diff file at your location, but if I fail, I will
install the binary, for sure.

>MySQL is _not_ ported to Cygwin due to the lack of the pthreads functions used
>in the multi-user multi-threaded MySQL database engine. Currently Cygwin is
>getting at least experimental support for pthreads functions, but I suppose it
>will take some time to get a stable port of MySQL done to Cygwin.

Thanks for the information, but there is something very obscure to me, they
ARE binaries for cygwin32 :
http://www.tcx.se/download.html

"MySQL 3.22.10 clients compiled with the cygwin32 kit. This includes
'mysql' with readline editing capabilities. " and a link to
http://www.tcx.se/Downloads/Win32/mysqlclient-3.22.10b-cygwin-b20.tar.gz

I downloaded it, here is the content :

-rw-r--r-- tolj/None    723652 1998-11-08 17:59 cygwin1.dll
-rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     41472 1998-11-17 19:40 insert_test.exe
-rwxr-xr-x tolj/None    192512 1998-11-17 19:40 mysql.exe
-rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     55296 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqladmin.exe
-rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     62464 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqldump.exe
-rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     53760 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqlimport.exe
-rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     53760 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqlshow.exe
-rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     41472 1998-11-17 19:40 select_test.exe

Which seems to mean that the mySQL DLL was succesfully built (how ??), and
linked or added to the original cygwin1.dll ? If it's true, it may remove
my coolview support, am I wrong ? 

Furthermore, you have to get a license to use it officialy.

>There is a native Win32 shareware version of MySQL 3.21.29a which works
>perfectly with our Apache 1.3.4 and integrated PHP 3.0.6, check out MySQL's
>official web site.

I do not know if I'll be able to use it with Perl built for cygwin ? If I
compile a DBI module for MySQL within my cygwin perl context, the DLL
formats won't match I guess.

Regards


______________________________________________________________
Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[DJ Delorie]

> Sorry, I'm new, and the search feature is down :(

I've arranged to have the search link point to
http://www.delorie.com/archives/ until the sourceware engine can be
fixed.


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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Sebastien Barre]

At 17:43 01/03/99 -0500, you wrote:

>>Is there a workaround ? I mean, if this is a know bug, is there a way to
>>fix it in the cygwin sources ?

>Workarounds?  You might try removing yourself from Administrators group.

Which seems a bit risky.

>This may do the trick.  Alternatively, you can change your umask so that 
>write permision is given to everyone.

That sounds interesting, could you please be more specific, I'm not exactly
a umask guru, and I have no man page. Thanks a lot for any help.

>Fixing the bug in the source is also possible.  I know Corinna has been 
>doing some work with making permissions track more closely with UNIX style.
>I'm not sure whether his changes will help in this arena...

I do not want to put pressure on the cygwin team if I can solve it myself
in a efficent way, they already do a great job.

Sincerely


______________________________________________________________
Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/

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[HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Sebastien Barre]

[-- Warning: decoded text below may be mangled, UTF-8 assumed --]
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 4450 bytes --]

Dear cygwin people

As some of you might have noticed (sorry for the flood), I'm still trying
to arbitrate The Fight between Perl 5.002 and cygwin32-B20.1 (the
battlefield being NT4/SP4). Well, thanks to some of you, I nearly did it
(and also ruined a couple of nights), but a strange problem lead me to some
more confusion :

Problem : although I'm working as single user on a standalone workstation,
and always logged as sysadmin ("administrateur" in french), cygwin seems to
see/create the files on my hard disk as *not* belonging to me, but to
another "being" (which is not obvious to me). 

I'll do my best to describe it (it's really *easy* to observe) : let's have
a look at a simple Perl example, then a short C example with stat(), and my
/etc/passwd and /etc/group. Finally I will create a simple file with
'touch', and you will notice that it will be reported as NOT belonging to
me and not being writable :((

Note : this seems specific to NT, which is not surprising regarding file
permissions.


Perl example :
----------------------

Note : I created /etc/passwd and /etc/group with 'mkpasswd -l' and 'mkgroup
-l' respectively, as reported in many FAQS.

administrateur [26] /etc$ perl -e 'print "yes" if -w "group";'

administrateur [27] /etc$ ll
total 7
-rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun          27 Feb 26 02:45 group
-rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun         65 Mar  1 21:08 passwd
-rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun        9828 Dec  1 14:00 termcap

That command (-w) will display 'yes' if the file (here, /etc/group) is
writable. Apparently, it fails. And fails everywhere in my filesystem. The
'-w' command is using C<stat>, let's move on :


C example :
----------------------
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main() {
    struct stat mystat;

    stat("group", &mystat);

    printf("mode : %o, uid : %u, gid : %u\n", 
           mystat.st_mode, mystat.st_uid, mystat.st_gid);

    exit(0);
}

Run :

administrateur [52] /etc$ gcc mystat.c

administrateur [53] /etc$ a.exe
mode : 100644, uid : 544, gid : 513

administrateur [55] /etc$ ll group
-rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun          27 Feb 26 02:45 group

Which means : 
	- /etc/group belongs to user which UID is 544, and to group which GID is 513
	- it's a regular file (100000), 
	- read/write permission to owner (600), read permission to group (40) and
read to other (4).

BUT (and it drives me crazy). I CREATED that file, and I'm NOT user 544 !
(more about this strange fellow below).

administrateur [56] /etc$ whoami
administrateur

administrateur [74] /etc$ cat passwd
Administrateur::500:513:seb::/bin/sh
InvitÚ::501:513:::/bin/sh

administrateur [75] /etc$ cat group
Aucun::513:
Everyone::0:

Obviously, I'm user 500 (I changed my name to 'seb' so that to check). 
=> Therefore WHY are all files created as 544 (even with tar) ? (the group
is correct : 513).

I thought it was related to /etc/passwd, but I just do NOT UNDERSTAND the
difference between -l and -g option for 'mkpasswd'.

   -l,--local              print local accounts
   -g,--local-groups       print local group information too

administrateur [77] /etc$ mkpasswd -l
Administrateur::500:513:seb::/bin/sh
InvitÚ::501:513:::/bin/sh

administrateur [79] /etc$ mkpasswd -g
Administrateurs::544:0:::
Duplicateurs::552:0:::
InvitÚs::546:0:::
OpÚrateurs de sauvegarde::551:0:::
Utilisateurs::545:0:::
Utilisateurs avec pouvoir::547:0:::

=> who are these users ?!? these should be groups !! I'm belonging to the
"Administrateurs" group for NT (in the "Gestionnaire d'utilisateurs" ~=
"User manager"), and this has been translated to a user, I'm completely
lost :((

=> dumping 'mkpasswd -l -g' to /etc/passwd (instead of 'mkpasswd -l') did
NOT help.

Here is the same joke :

administrateur [84] /etc$ touch test

administrateur [85] /etc$ ll test
-rw-r--r--   1 544      Aucun           0 Mar  1 21:46 test

administrateur [86] /etc$ perl -e 'print "yes" if -w "test";'
administrateur [87] /etc$

WOAH : I created a file, and it's automatically assigned to someone else !
Give me my file back please :( 
And of course, although I created it, it's now NOT writable for cygwin.


I guess I might be just dumb. Any help would be really appreciated (by my
mental health).

Thanks






______________________________________________________________
Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[John Fortin]

[-- Warning: decoded text below may be mangled, UTF-8 assumed --]
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 5298 bytes --]

I think I said this before...  I had the same problem.  It has to do ( it seems ) with
being part of the administrator group.  NT assigns the owner of the file to 544 if you
are part of the administrator group.

Try this if you like.  Create a new user and set it up like your normal on EXCEPT don't
make it part of the adminstrator group.  You may need to set up some different
directories to mirror what you have now but owned by the new userid.  Try your build
there.

Sebastien Barre wrote:

> Dear cygwin people
>
> As some of you might have noticed (sorry for the flood), I'm still trying
> to arbitrate The Fight between Perl 5.002 and cygwin32-B20.1 (the
> battlefield being NT4/SP4). Well, thanks to some of you, I nearly did it
> (and also ruined a couple of nights), but a strange problem lead me to some
> more confusion :
>
> Problem : although I'm working as single user on a standalone workstation,
> and always logged as sysadmin ("administrateur" in french), cygwin seems to
> see/create the files on my hard disk as *not* belonging to me, but to
> another "being" (which is not obvious to me).
>
> I'll do my best to describe it (it's really *easy* to observe) : let's have
> a look at a simple Perl example, then a short C example with stat(), and my
> /etc/passwd and /etc/group. Finally I will create a simple file with
> 'touch', and you will notice that it will be reported as NOT belonging to
> me and not being writable :((
>
> Note : this seems specific to NT, which is not surprising regarding file
> permissions.
>
> Perl example :
> ----------------------
>
> Note : I created /etc/passwd and /etc/group with 'mkpasswd -l' and 'mkgroup
> -l' respectively, as reported in many FAQS.
>
> administrateur [26] /etc$ perl -e 'print "yes" if -w "group";'
>
> administrateur [27] /etc$ ll
> total 7
> -rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun          27 Feb 26 02:45 group
> -rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun         65 Mar  1 21:08 passwd
> -rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun        9828 Dec  1 14:00 termcap
>
> That command (-w) will display 'yes' if the file (here, /etc/group) is
> writable. Apparently, it fails. And fails everywhere in my filesystem. The
> '-w' command is using C<stat>, let's move on :
>
> C example :
> ----------------------
> #include <sys/stat.h>
> #include <stdlib.h>
>
> int main() {
>     struct stat mystat;
>
>     stat("group", &mystat);
>
>     printf("mode : %o, uid : %u, gid : %u\n",
>            mystat.st_mode, mystat.st_uid, mystat.st_gid);
>
>     exit(0);
> }
>
> Run :
>
> administrateur [52] /etc$ gcc mystat.c
>
> administrateur [53] /etc$ a.exe
> mode : 100644, uid : 544, gid : 513
>
> administrateur [55] /etc$ ll group
> -rw-r--r--   1 544 Aucun          27 Feb 26 02:45 group
>
> Which means :
>         - /etc/group belongs to user which UID is 544, and to group which GID is 513
>         - it's a regular file (100000),
>         - read/write permission to owner (600), read permission to group (40) and
> read to other (4).
>
> BUT (and it drives me crazy). I CREATED that file, and I'm NOT user 544 !
> (more about this strange fellow below).
>
> administrateur [56] /etc$ whoami
> administrateur
>
> administrateur [74] /etc$ cat passwd
> Administrateur::500:513:seb::/bin/sh
> InvitÚ::501:513:::/bin/sh
>
> administrateur [75] /etc$ cat group
> Aucun::513:
> Everyone::0:
>
> Obviously, I'm user 500 (I changed my name to 'seb' so that to check).
> => Therefore WHY are all files created as 544 (even with tar) ? (the group
> is correct : 513).
>
> I thought it was related to /etc/passwd, but I just do NOT UNDERSTAND the
> difference between -l and -g option for 'mkpasswd'.
>
>    -l,--local              print local accounts
>    -g,--local-groups       print local group information too
>
> administrateur [77] /etc$ mkpasswd -l
> Administrateur::500:513:seb::/bin/sh
> InvitÚ::501:513:::/bin/sh
>
> administrateur [79] /etc$ mkpasswd -g
> Administrateurs::544:0:::
> Duplicateurs::552:0:::
> InvitÚs::546:0:::
> OpÚrateurs de sauvegarde::551:0:::
> Utilisateurs::545:0:::
> Utilisateurs avec pouvoir::547:0:::
>
> => who are these users ?!? these should be groups !! I'm belonging to the
> "Administrateurs" group for NT (in the "Gestionnaire d'utilisateurs" ~=
> "User manager"), and this has been translated to a user, I'm completely
> lost :((
>
> => dumping 'mkpasswd -l -g' to /etc/passwd (instead of 'mkpasswd -l') did
> NOT help.
>
> Here is the same joke :
>
> administrateur [84] /etc$ touch test
>
> administrateur [85] /etc$ ll test
> -rw-r--r--   1 544      Aucun           0 Mar  1 21:46 test
>
> administrateur [86] /etc$ perl -e 'print "yes" if -w "test";'
> administrateur [87] /etc$
>
> WOAH : I created a file, and it's automatically assigned to someone else !
> Give me my file back please :(
> And of course, although I created it, it's now NOT writable for cygwin.
>
> I guess I might be just dumb. Any help would be really appreciated (by my
> mental health).
>
> Thanks
>
> ______________________________________________________________
> Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/
>
> --
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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Larry Hall]

At 09:47 PM 3/5/99 +0100, Sebastien Barre wrote:
>At 17:43 01/03/99 -0500, Larry Hall (RFK Partners, Inc) wrote:
>>At 11:27 PM 3/1/99 +0100, Sebastien Barre wrote:
>>>> This has been discussed many times on this list and is an NTism.
>>>
>>>Is there a workaround ? I mean, if this is a know bug, is there a way to
>>>fix it in the cygwin sources ?
>
>>Workarounds?  You might try removing yourself from Administrators group.
>>This may do the trick.  Alternatively, you can change your umask so that 
>>write permision is given to everyone.  That should solve it too.  
>
>Well, write permission was *already* given to anyone :
>
>administrateur [21] ~$ umask
>000
>administrateur [22] ~$ umask -S
>u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx
>
>and this had no influence :
>
>administrateur [23] ~$ touch foo
>administrateur [24] ~$ ll foo
>-rw-r--r--   1 544      Aucun           0 Mar  5 21:46 foo
>administrateur [26] ~$ perl -e 'print "yes" if -w "foo";'
>administrateur [27] ~$
>
>


I think I mentioned this to you before but I believe I initially left out
that you need to set "ntea" in your CYGWIN environment variable for the 
permissions to explicitly show up via ls and friends.  Be sure to check the
FAQ/archives about the issues with using "ntea" and FAT partitions however...




Larry Hall                              lhall@rfk.com
RFK Partners, Inc.                      (781) 239-1053
8 Grove Street                          (781) 239-1655 - FAX
Wellesley, MA  02482-7797               http://www.rfk.com

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Re: mySQL, mSQL, PostgreSQL with cygwin ?

[Stipe Tolj]

> Thanks for the information, but there is something very obscure to me, they
> ARE binaries for cygwin32 :
> http://www.tcx.se/download.html
>
> "MySQL 3.22.10 clients compiled with the cygwin32 kit. This includes
> 'mysql' with readline editing capabilities. " and a link to
> http://www.tcx.se/Downloads/Win32/mysqlclient-3.22.10b-cygwin-b20.tar.gz
>
> I downloaded it, here is the content :
>
> -rw-r--r-- tolj/None    723652 1998-11-08 17:59 cygwin1.dll
> -rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     41472 1998-11-17 19:40 insert_test.exe
> -rwxr-xr-x tolj/None    192512 1998-11-17 19:40 mysql.exe
> -rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     55296 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqladmin.exe
> -rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     62464 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqldump.exe
> -rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     53760 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqlimport.exe
> -rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     53760 1998-11-17 19:40 mysqlshow.exe
> -rwxr-xr-x tolj/None     41472 1998-11-17 19:40 select_test.exe

these cygwin b20 mysql client files have been provided by me to Monti from TcX.

The libmysqlclient.a lib and all client files have been ported to cygwin by us, but
the mysqld daemon uses pthreads which are currently not or at leasr experimentacly
supported within the latest cygwin snapshot.

So you will have to wait for a cygwin port of mysql until pthreads are running or
get a license for the native Win32 port provided from TcX.

Regards,
Stipe

--
Stipe Tolj <tolj@uni-duesseldorf.de>

Cygwin Porting Project -- "We build UNIX on top of Windows"
http://www.student.uni-koeln.de/cygwin/

Department of Economical Computer Science
University of Cologne, Germany





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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Lassi A. Tuura]

On Mon, 1 Mar 1999, Larry Hall (RFK Partners, Inc) wrote:
|> Fixing the bug in the source is also possible.  I know Corinna has been 
|> doing some work with making permissions track more closely with UNIX style.
|> I'm not sure whether his changes will help in this arena...

If somebody is going to fix this, I would strongly encourage to fix it
in a way that uses `access' to determine file permissions, not something
based on `stat'.

This would have the benefit of making things work on the AFS filesystem
as well, where using getuid and st_uid (or similar) to determine
accessibility is meaningless: AFS uses ACLs and tokens that determine
access rights, and the application has no way to know either of these
unless it links against the AFS/Kerberos libraries.  Please make the
scheme trust the operating system (or network file system deamons), and
not to build additional logic that fails with ACL-based systems.  For
example, GNU test program has this bug -- it depends on `stat' instead
of `access'. 

Presumably Win32 system calls responds like AFS with ACLs -- call the
right function (`access'?) and it will tell you whether you can access
the file or not.  Alternatively, `stat' should use the security API to
fill in the st_mode fields correctly, but I am not sure this will work
with networked file systems that implement their own security rules.

Cheers,
//lat
--
With sufficient thrust, pigs fly just fine.  However, this is not
necessarily a good idea.  It is hard to be sure where they are going
to land, and it could be dangerous sitting under them as they fly
overhead.  --RFC1925, "The Twelve Networking Truths"


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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Geoffrey Noer]

On Tue, Mar 02, 1999, Sebastien Barre wrote:
[...]
> >Fixing the bug in the source is also possible.  I know Corinna has been 
> >doing some work with making permissions track more closely with UNIX style.
[...]

Note that these changes aren't being ignored.  I'm trying to stabilize
my build environment again (pesky internal compiler errors, sigh) and
then I'll be looking into/testing her changes.  Hopefully we'll be
adding them soon to the development sources...

-- 
Geoffrey Noer		Email: noer@cygnus.com
Cygnus Solutions

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Heinz-Jürgen Oertel]

[-- Warning: decoded text below may be mangled, UTF-8 assumed --]
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 2597 bytes --]

Sebastien Barre schrieb:
> 
> At 17:43 01/03/99 -0500, you wrote:
> 
>
> That sounds interesting, could you please be more specific, I'm not exactly
> a umask guru, and I have no man page. Thanks a lot for any help.
> 

       umask [-S] [mask]
              Display  or  set the file permission creation mask,
              or umask (see umask(2)).  If the -S option is used,
              the mask displayed or set is symbolic, otherwise it
              is an octal number.

              Symbolic masks are like those used by chmod(1):
                     [ugoa]{{=+-}{rwx}*}+[,...]
              in which the first group of characters is  the  who
              part, the second group is the op part, and the last
              group is the perm part.   The  who  part  specifies
              which  part  of  the  umask is to be modified.  The
              letters mean:
                      u      the user permissions

                      g      the group permissions

                      o      the  other  permissions   (non-user,
                             non-group)

                      a      all  permissions  (user,  group  and
                             other)

              The op part indicates how the who  permissions  are
              to be modified:

                      =      set

                      +      added to

                      -      removed from
              The perm part specifies which permissions are to be
              set, added or removed:

                      r      read permission

                      w      write permission

                      x      execute permission

              When symbolic masks are used,  they  describe  what
              permissions  may  be  made available (as opposed to
              octal masks in which a set  bit  means  the  corre­
              sponding   bit   is   to   be  cleared).   Example:
              `ug=rwx,o=' sets the mask  so  files  will  not  be
              readable,  writable  or executable by `others', and
              is equivalent (on most systems) to the  octal  mask
              `07'.



-- 
with best regards / mit freundlichen Grüßen

  Heinz-Jürgen Oertel

==========================================
Heinz-Juergen Oertel
port GmbH            phone +49 3493 743-10
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==========================================

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Sebastien Barre]

At 17:43 01/03/99 -0500, Larry Hall (RFK Partners, Inc) wrote:
>At 11:27 PM 3/1/99 +0100, Sebastien Barre wrote:
>>> This has been discussed many times on this list and is an NTism.
>>
>>Is there a workaround ? I mean, if this is a know bug, is there a way to
>>fix it in the cygwin sources ?

>Workarounds?  You might try removing yourself from Administrators group.
>This may do the trick.  Alternatively, you can change your umask so that 
>write permision is given to everyone.  That should solve it too.  

Well, write permission was *already* given to anyone :

administrateur [21] ~$ umask
000
administrateur [22] ~$ umask -S
u=rwx,g=rwx,o=rwx

and this had no influence :

administrateur [23] ~$ touch foo
administrateur [24] ~$ ll foo
-rw-r--r--   1 544      Aucun           0 Mar  5 21:46 foo
administrateur [26] ~$ perl -e 'print "yes" if -w "foo";'
administrateur [27] ~$



______________________________________________________________
Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Sebastien Barre]

At 16:38 01/03/99 -0500, Larry Hall (RFK Partners, Inc) wrote:

>This is a known bug.

Arghh.

>testing for file permissions will not return "yes"
>unless that permission is given to everyone.  This may be related to the
>fact that you are the "Administrator" (see below).

>544 is the "Administrator" group, which is used as the UID of everyone in
>that group.

But shall be used as GID instead.

> This has been discussed many times on this list and is an NTism.

Is there a workaround ? I mean, if this is a know bug, is there a way to
fix it in the cygwin sources ?

Thanks for your help

______________________________________________________________
Sebastien Barre                  http://www.hds.utc.fr/~barre/

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Re: [HELP] stat(), file permission, r/w access : i'm LOST :(

[Larry Hall (RFK Partners, Inc)]

At 11:27 PM 3/1/99 +0100, Sebastien Barre wrote:
>> This has been discussed many times on this list and is an NTism.
>
>Is there a workaround ? I mean, if this is a know bug, is there a way to
>fix it in the cygwin sources ?
>

Workarounds?  You might try removing yourself from Administrators group.
This may do the trick.  Alternatively, you can change your umask so that 
write permision is given to everyone.  That should solve it too.  

Fixing the bug in the source is also possible.  I know Corinna has been 
doing some work with making permissions track more closely with UNIX style.
I'm not sure whether his changes will help in this arena...


Larry Hall                             lhall@rfk.com
RFK Partners, Inc.                     (781) 239-1053
8 Grove Street                         (781) 239-1655
Wellesley, MA, 02482-7797              http://www.rfk.com

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Mumit Khan]

On Wed, 24 Feb 1999, Christopher Faylor wrote:

> Could you be more specific?  What "style of writing programs" are you
> referring to?  Is it just the indentation?  That's surely an extremely
> trivial thing.
> 
> Cygwin is unusual in that it's written in C++ but hopefully that's
> not *too* big a barrier at this time.
> 
> Otherwise, given the vast popularity of GNU tools and the huge number of
> people contributing to them, I'm mystified as to your problems with the
> GNU style of writing software.  There is so much GNU software available
> that one could easily make the case that it is actually the norm.
> 


I personally don't use the GNU coding-style guideline, and I doubt if I
ever will.  I see no reason to second-guess many many years of proven
and (mostly) consistent style, but that hasn't stopped me from sending
in contributions, formatted according to GNU guidelines, to various GNU
packages. BTW, there's still no consensus on GNU style in C++ coding,
but since most GNU packages are written in C, this has not been a big
issue.

There's always Emacs (or indent) to help in the formatting process.

As for C++, Cygwin really doesn't use C++ features other than the most
basic kind. This is actually good for a project like this. I doubt
if that will deter the determined.

Regards,
Mumit



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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Christopher Faylor]

On Wed, Feb 24, 1999 at 11:10:20PM +0200, Paul Sokolovsky wrote:
>Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:
>CF> But, of course, maybe none of these observations matter.  We're talking
>CF> about perceptions, here.  It's my contention that if the EGCS project
>CF> had been named 'cyg-gcc' that it probably wouldn't have as large a base
>CF> of contributors.  It's probably the initial 'cyg' which is off putting
>CF> to people as well as the technical barrier of having to know both UNIX
>CF> and Windows code.
>
>    By the way, if you haven't answered that yet, changing name from
>gnu-win32 to cygwin has your motivation or FSF's?

I wasn't around for all of the naming decisions but I think that the
decision was entirely Cygnus's.  Maybe if Geoff is still reading the
list he can elaborate.  It would be interesting to see if contributions
slacked off after the original name change.

We have kicked around other names from time to time but, personally,
given the amount of trouble caused by the transition from cygwin32 ->
cygwin, I don't think I want to change the product name again soon.

In case it wasn't obvious, the 32 was dropped from cygwin32 to avoid
potential trademark infringement with some company whose name currently
escapes me.

cgf

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Tom St Denis]

I agree, at first I was hesitant to try it, cause I thought it was
copyrighted, or whatever.... Anyways, I am not a big software
developer, but I thought I would give it a try.

Thanks to all who have contributed.  If I ever have the time,
patience, and enough know-how I will contrib something.  But I  doubt
that will happen any time soon.

Tom
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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Weiqi Gao]

Fergus Henderson wrote:
> 
> On 24-Feb-1999, Weiqi Gao <weiqigao@a.crl.com> wrote:
> >
> > Windows is too complicated.  It usually takes a sharp individual a long
> > time (four years?) to become really proficient in Windows.  And that
> > proficiency usually last a very short time (two years).  All of their
> > knowledge would have been gained through the continued (and expensive)
> > subscription to MSDN.  They usually don't feel compelled to contribute
> > to anything.
> 
> That doesn't explain why they contribute more to djgpp than to cygwin.

There is a sense of the "power of personality" in the DJGPP project. 
For example, DJ never complained about not enough people contributing. 
And Eli Zarreskii(?) had never gone into an argument with a user,
contributing or not.  He's been sending out ten pieces of emails per day
for three(?) years now, and fifty percent of them are "Read the FAQ". 
He's accumulated quite a bunch "lose your temper for free" card now!

DOS is also more primitive, simpler, and more UNIX like than Windows. 
And DJGPP is more kernel like than wrapper/call forwarder/translator
like than Cygwin.  It is higher on the Cool scale than Cygwin.  It's
almost the "GNU operating system with the DJGPP kernel".

> > It's the culture.  Groups of Windows developers would sit around bashing
> > Unix.
> 
> But that could well explain it.
> 
> One thing that might help would be better mingw32 support.
> That might encourage people who would otherwise use djgpp
> to use cygwin instead.  But I suppose they still wouldn't
> be likely to contribute to the winsup stuff.
> 
> Someone else also commented that people who use cygwin probably
> run Linux when they can, and so don't get much chance to play
> around with cygwin.  I think that is another very likely explanation.

Historically, UNIX has gathered all the free software writers because it
is accessible and had a free software culture.  DOS and Windows lacks
it.

Here's a challenge: Name as many as you can, any widely spread free
software (in the FSF free speech sense) packages that's originated from
DOS/Windows.  The closest I can come up is an editor called the PFE
(Programmers File Editor) which is a Notepad clone.  But you can't get
the source of it.

The fact that Microsoft "owns" Windows might have something to do with
it.

--
Weiqi Gao
weiqigao@a.crl.com

--
Quote of the day:
  --Which is worse, ignorance or indifference
  --I don't know, and I don't care.

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Cygwin participation threshold

[DJ Delorie]

> Hopefully, that's what you wanted - to give people a nice tool,

I think it would be more accurate to replace "give" with "share with".

As a bit of history, Cygnus had a purely business reason to create
cygwin.  Doing so let us host our tools on 95/NT platforms, which
meant more customers (i.e. more money).  AFAIK, releasing cygwin to
the net had two reasons: the first philosophical, in that we like to
share; and the second practical, in that the more people using cygwin
the more paid support contracts we'll get.

>     But when someone wants to fix or add something to cygwin, here
> comes another problem - it's high enough threshold to be able to do
> so. Even higher threshold to make it acceptable for inclusion back.

DJGPP has a much higher threshold (it's much more complicated), but
there are far more people contributing to djgpp than to cygwin.  If
anyone can figure out *why*, let us know! ;-) I think it's social -
djgpp contributors just know that they'll get a friendly reception to
their contributions, good or bad, so they aren't as hesitant to send
stuff in.

> By this I mean whole technology issues - not Cygwin technology, I
> call it GNU technology - configuration/setup methods, coding styles
> (not just mere conventions for identifier naming / block
> indentation, but modularization conventions, from source modules
> thru libs to executables, etc.) And all that are obstacles to
> contributing.

Even so, I'd rather people contribute what they can instead of just
sulking off in a corner and getting nowhere.  We're not going to laugh
at you for bad style (I hope).  More likely, we'll explain how to
change what you've got to work better with what we've got (it's called
"learning").  Cooperation is a two-way street!  If you're willing to
do *anything*, we'll probably meet you half-way.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[DJ Delorie]

> Does the GPL applies to GNUPro, which is distributed for commercial
> use?

GNUPro is made up of a number of components with a number of licensing
terms, just like djgpp is.  Those parts that are copyrighted by
authors other than Cygnus, like gcc, must be distributed under the
terms the author supplied, in this case the GPL.  Cygnus can do
nothing about that.

However, Cygnus is the author of some of those parts (like I'm the
author of djgpp's libc) and can choose alternate terms for alternate
distributions.  For example, our C runtime and cygwin runtimes were
written by us, so we can decide that they're GPL for this release, and
proprietary for that release.  If you purchase a GNUPro distribution
from us, it comes with the same software as a net release (except it's
been QAd, may have some as-yet-unreleased improvements over the net
release, and is supported by Cygnus) but we use a different license
that lets you use our runtimes in proprietary applications.  It just
isn't practical to provide source code for cell phones :) The fees from
these sales are the primary source of funding for the software, and
thus pay for the net releases.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[DJ Delorie]

> Seriously I effectively remember having noted that I may get a cygwin
> release not covered by the GPL against a fee

Yes, but the only part not covered by the fee is the cygwin/newlib
runtime libraries.  Things like the compiler will always be GPL, no
matter how much you pay.

> (the one thing I don't know is "how much?");

Me neither.  It depends on how much support you want, I think.  We
have everything from "will be fixed in the next release" to "will be
fixed and in your hands in a few hours".

> however I think it's quite discouraging to see Cygnus, known to be
> able to earn its life with free software due to its excellent
> support to its high-grade customers

Yup, that's us.  Support and custom work are still by far the biggest
chunk of our income.

> (I think I remember support contracts with Cygnus were quite
> expensive),

And worth it, I think.  When was the last time you got a useful answer
out of Microsoft's support line?

> shift to a purely mercantile strategy: If you pay, you'll get the
> right to earn some money and to use some proprietary Cygnus code and
> corrections that may never be put in the net release...

Look at it the other way - it encourages people to produce GPL
software, since to do otherwise is more expensive.

As for the "never be put in the net release" you're wrong.  All our
contracts are negotiated such that all changes are folded into the net
releases eventually, usually within six months for custom work.  In
the case of cygwin (winsup, at least), I don't think there's any code
at the moment that isn't already in the net releases.

As for "purely mercantile" you're wrong there too.  Product sales are
a small part of our income, and even then each product sale includes a
support contract, which is part of the price.  I think the *smallest*
contract you can buy is a 30-day "Getting Started" contract.

> Too bad for free software fate :-( or *please* explain me that I'm
> plain wrong and that Cygnus is not doing anything like that...

I think you're wrong, but it's hard to expain why.  Consider that the
GNUPro package (that's what we call it) contains more than just
software.  For the price you pay, you get the following:

* Software that's been fully tested and known to work well together
* hard media and printed documentation
* commercial-grade phone and email support, as much as you paid for
* custom patches and upgrades as per your support agreement
* permission to use the GNUPro runtime for proprietary products

As you see, you're not just paying for the license change.  You're
paying for a lot more, and the license is just part of it.  By selling
these bundles, we accomplish the following goals:

* we spread the word about free software
* we encourage companies to *write* free software
* we fund free software development
* we are more profitable :-)

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Lam Pui Yuen]

dear all,
sorry for this wrong reply mail.
Regs.

> done !
> 
> On Thu, 25 Feb 1999, Fergus Henderson wrote:
> 
> > On 24-Feb-1999, Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:
> > > On Thu, Feb 25, 1999, Fergus Henderson wrote:
> > > >Yes, but you can write and distribute proprietry applications or even
> > > >proprietry kernel modules for Linux without paying anyone a license fee.
> > > >The same is not true for Cygwin (although it *was* true once, back around
> > > >version b16, when it was called gnu-win32).
> > > 
> > > True, but that is not the point.  I believe this whold thread started
> > > because I lamented the lack of people contributing directly to cygwin
> > > development.
> > 
> > You also asked why.  I believe that licensing may be one of the reasons why.
> > So I don't think my comment is beside the point.  You may disagree with me,
> > but I think we're talking about the same topic.
> > 
> > > The many contributors to the linux kernel do not do so
> > > because it is possible to develop proprietary code for linux.
> > 
> > That may not be their direct motivation, but I do think it is a
> > significant factor.  I think that if it were impossible to develop
> > proprietry code for Linux, then Linux would have a much smaller user
> > base, and there would be far fewer contributors to Linux.
> > 
> > > I don't consider companies who create proprietary kernel modules as
> > > contributing to linux development in any way.
> > 
> > The ability to create proprietry kernel modules is of little importance.
> > The ability to create proprietry applications is of much greater importance.
> > 
> > > Possibly they help indirectly
> > > by getting the word out about linux but that is a secondary and, IMO, very
> > > minor benefit.
> > 
> > I agree that the benefits are indirect and secondary.  However,
> > I don't think they should be ignored.
> > 
> > In addition to getting the word out, companies which develop proprietry
> > applications (or kernel modules) often also help
> > 
> > 	(1) by using Linux, and in the process sometimes reporting
> > 	    and/or fixing bugs in the kernel and/or the various
> > 	    open-source applications that are part of Linux; sometimes
> > 	    they will even add whole new features which are needed for
> > 	    their proprietry application (or module); and
> > 
> > 	(2) by providing software (or drivers) which other people need,
> > 	    and thus encouraging those other people to use Linux,
> > 	    leading to the same benefits as (1).
> > 
> > -- 
> > Fergus Henderson <fjh@cs.mu.oz.au>  |  "Binaries may die
> > WWW: < http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~fjh >  |   but source code lives forever"
> > PGP: finger fjh@128.250.37.3        |     -- leaked Microsoft memo.
> > 
> > --
> > Want to unsubscribe from this list?
> > Send a message to cygwin-unsubscribe@sourceware.cygnus.com
> > 
> > 
> 
> 
> --
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> 


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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Ken Thompson]

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[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 1164 bytes --]

I wonder if part of the reason that there is a lot more
participation on Linux as opposed to cygwin is that maybe most people who
use cygwin do so because there job requires use of a windows platform but
need the tool set provided by Linux/Unix.  At home on their own
time, they are much more likely to muck around with Linux than
windows/cygwin.  Just a thought.

                                    Ken


Ken
Thompson                            
GTRI/ELSYS/SEN 
(404) 894-7089
(VOICE)              
(404) 596-5995 (PAGER) 
(404) 894-7080
(FAX)                  
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The aspiration toward freedom is the most
essentially human of all human manifestations. 
                    
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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Carl Zmola]

> DJGPP has a much higher threshold (it's much more complicated), but
> there are far more people contributing to djgpp than to cygwin.  If
> anyone can figure out *why*, let us know! ;-) I think it's social -
> djgpp contributors just know that they'll get a friendly reception to
> their contributions, good or bad, so they aren't as hesitant to send
> stuff in.

That could be part of it.  The fact that a company is in charge of 
coordinating the efforts has an effect.

In the past the main reason I didn't even investigate contributing is :
Because of the feeling that contributions are unwanted, and that someone
else is making money of of my work.

After a little investigation, I found that these wern't valid concerns, but
they are a first line of resistance.  

Carl 
zmola@campbellsci.com

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[DJ Delorie]

> What about third party products. For example PGI Workstation comes
> bundle with Cygwin.  Who gets the *paid support* in that case?

In cases where companies write software that depends on cygwin, such
as the example you give, the potential customer for Cygnus would be
that company, for two reasons: (1) they would need a commercial
license for cygwin, and (2) they would want a support contract to make
sure the cygwin they include in their product doesn't make their
product look bad by having bugs.

It would be unrealistic to expect each individual user of that
software to come to Cygnus for support.  More likely, they'd go to the
package producer, who may have solutions specific to their
software/cygwin bundling, such as a custom-fixed dll.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Christopher Faylor]

On Thu, Feb 25, 1999 at 12:51:48AM +1100, Fergus Henderson wrote:
>On 23-Feb-1999, Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:
>> On Mon, Feb 22, 1999, Carl Zmola wrote:
>> >
>> >The fact that a company is in charge of 
>> >coordinating the efforts has an effect.
>> >
>> >In the past the main reason I didn't even investigate contributing is :
>> >Because of the feeling that contributions are unwanted, and that someone
>> >else is making money of of my work.
>> >
>> >After a little investigation, I found that these wern't valid concerns, but
>> >they are a first line of resistance.  
>> 
>> It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
>> has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".
>> 
>> The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
>> the linux project and *many* companies make money from linux.
>
>Yes, but you can write and distribute proprietry applications or even
>proprietry kernel modules for Linux without paying anyone a license fee.
>The same is not true for Cygwin (although it *was* true once, back around
>version b16, when it was called gnu-win32).

True, but that is not the point.  I believe this whold thread started
because I lamented the lack of people contributing directly to cygwin
development.  The many contributors to the linux kernel do not do so
because it is possible to develop proprietary code for linux.

I don't consider companies who create proprietary kernel modules as
contributing to linux development in any way.  Possibly they help indirectly
by getting the word out about linux but that is a secondary and, IMO, very
minor benefit.

cf

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RE: Cygwin participation threshold

[Todd Goodman]

> Steve Morris writes:
[SNIP]
> Personal note: I attempted to sign up for the cygwin developers
> mailing list. I wasn't ready to commit to specific work but I wanted
> to get a feel for the level of mutual support and how the team
> interacted. I intended to silently lurk a while and then step into a
> more active role as I found a place to contribute. Apparently my
> justification and commitment didn't seem strong enough because I was
> silently excluded. No explanation, no apology. I just wasn't added to
> the list. It didn't leave a good taste in my mouth or predispose me to
> step up my level of commitment to this particular freeware project.

I had the same experience.  A request for more information (which I
forwarded) but no response after that.

I can certainly understand wanting to keep usage questions, etc from
the developers list and I believe it's a reasonable rule to keep the
list restricted to those who contribute.

However, one of the best ways to get your feet wet and find a place
*to* contribute is to lurk on a developers list for a while.

As is likely the case with most who aren't active contributors, it is
available time at this point that keeps me from contributing more.

If I was able to lurk on the developers list then I could more easily
judge what I might be able to work on.  If something looked like it
would fit with my available time then I might be able to contribute.
If I knew I might have more available time, I could see about something
else.

As it is now, I have no idea what even requires more work.  Everything
works well for me.  :-)

Just my $.02.

Thanks for all the good work,

Todd Goodman

[SNIP]
> Steve Morris
> sjm@judgement.com


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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Christopher Faylor]

On Wed, Feb 24, 1999 at 10:43:46PM +0200, Paul Sokolovsky wrote:
>      All this makes me wanting to make contributions. What is largely
>disallows me it (besides being nothing but bag of crazy ambitions, of
>course) is pure technological matters: it's too hard to get that
>threshold to make it effectively. Time I need to get it, I can spend
>doing something else, e.g. reenventing it all ;-) And, as I told
>before, that's not Cygwin problem - IMHO, that's GNU problem - their
>style of writing programs is somewhat ... not as in other places %)

Could you be more specific?  What "style of writing programs" are you
referring to?  Is it just the indentation?  That's surely an extremely
trivial thing.

Cygwin is unusual in that it's written in C++ but hopefully that's
not *too* big a barrier at this time.

Otherwise, given the vast popularity of GNU tools and the huge number of
people contributing to them, I'm mystified as to your problems with the
GNU style of writing software.  There is so much GNU software available
that one could easily make the case that it is actually the norm.

cgf

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Steve Morris]

Christopher Faylor writes:
 > On Wed, Feb 24, 1999 at 09:59:16AM -0500, Steve Morris wrote:
 > >Christopher Faylor writes:
 > > > It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
 > > > has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".
 > > > 
 > > > The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
 > > > the Linux project and *many* companies make money from Linux.
 > >
 > >Actually I think you've hit on a major issue. Even though Cygnus makes
 > >cygwin available as sourceware it is obviously a Cygnus
 > >product. Cygnus controls the feature set. Design decisions are made by
 > >Cygnus. People can contribute but Cygnus is the final arbiter on
 > >design decisions and even code style.
... clipped ....
 > >On the other hand Cygwin is obviously branded. Even the mailing list
 > >is controlled by Cygnus. The developers mailing list access is
 > >restricted by Cygnus engineers. The official Cygwin web page is
 > >controlled by Cygnus. The bug list is an internal Cygnus system.
 > 
 > All this is true of EGCS, too, isn't it?
 > 
 > The developers mailing list is supposed to be open only to people who
 > are willing to contribute to the development of cygwin.  If the rest of
 > the (developers) mailing list thinks that that is too restrictive a goal
 > then I'd be happy to open it up.  We have maintained cygwin-developers
 > as a closed list to try to limit discussions to actual development
 > issues.
... clipped ....
 > >I guess the issue is not companies making money on free software.
 > >Instead the issue is companies being perceived as controlling the
 > >software development.
 > Well, if that is your feeling, I can't dispute it.  If I understand what
 > you're saying correctly, your philosophy for Cygwin is that you will use
 > it and hope that it improves from release to release but, if it doesn't,
 > the barrier of a company judging and profiting by your code submissions
 > is too high for you to consider attempting any improvements yourself.

Actually I wasn't stating my philosophy. I was generally responding to
your general question. As long as you are making it personal here is
my philosophy: People that use free software should give back to the
free software community where they can. This can be major software
development, helping with doc, or merely fielding questions where they
can from the supporting list or newsgroup. However I don't feel they
need to feel obliged to contribute to every free software package they
use.

Personal note: I attempted to sign up for the cygwin developers
mailing list. I wasn't ready to commit to specific work but I wanted
to get a feel for the level of mutual support and how the team
interacted. I intended to silently lurk a while and then step into a
more active role as I found a place to contribute. Apparently my
justification and commitment didn't seem strong enough because I was
silently excluded. No explanation, no apology. I just wasn't added to
the list. It didn't leave a good taste in my mouth or predispose me to
step up my level of commitment to this particular freeware project.

 > But, of course, maybe none of these observations matter.  We're talking
 > about perceptions, here.  It's my contention that if the EGCS project
 > had been named 'cyg-gcc' that it probably wouldn't have as large a base
 > of contributors.  It's probably the initial 'cyg' which is off putting
 > to people as well as the technical barrier of having to know both UNIX
 > and Windows code.

I think that you are exactly right. Perception is the key, although it
goes beyond just the cyg prefix. I suspect that as long as cygwin is
perceived as a company product people will be less willing to help
than for other projects which are lead by volunteers with no fiduciary
interest. Both are good but one is more attractive than the other.

Steve Morris
sjm@judgement.com


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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Steve Morris]

In all this discussion something important is being lost. Cris
bemoaned the lack of development support for cygwin and asked for
reasons. I and others tried to explain where we think the issues
are. Inevitably this comes out sounding negative, but at least on my
part, this is not intended. Maybe we took Cris' questions too
literally. Flogging Cygnus was not the intent. We were trying to offer
legitimate feedback to a legitimate question.

Let me reiterate that Cygnus is clearly one of the Good Guys. The best
guys are the Cygnus employees (like Cris) who volunteer their own time
to this project.

Many of us are rooting for Cygnus and are hoping more companies figure
out how to make money on free software; because they then tend to give
back. As an example gcc and gdb have been in much better shape all
these years since Cygnus became the official release site.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Fergus Henderson]

On 23-Feb-1999, Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:
> On Mon, Feb 22, 1999, Carl Zmola wrote:
> >
> >The fact that a company is in charge of 
> >coordinating the efforts has an effect.
> >
> >In the past the main reason I didn't even investigate contributing is :
> >Because of the feeling that contributions are unwanted, and that someone
> >else is making money of of my work.
> >
> >After a little investigation, I found that these wern't valid concerns, but
> >they are a first line of resistance.  
> 
> It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
> has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".
> 
> The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
> the linux project and *many* companies make money from linux.

Yes, but you can write and distribute proprietry applications or even
proprietry kernel modules for Linux without paying anyone a license fee.
The same is not true for Cygwin (although it *was* true once, back around
version b16, when it was called gnu-win32).

-- 
Fergus Henderson <fjh@cs.mu.oz.au>  |  "Binaries may die
WWW: < http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~fjh >  |   but source code lives forever"
PGP: finger fjh@128.250.37.3        |     -- leaked Microsoft memo.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Weiqi Gao]

Christopher Faylor wrote:
> 
> True, but that is not the point.  I believe this whold thread started
> because I lamented the lack of people contributing directly to cygwin
> development.  The many contributors to the linux kernel do not do so
> because it is possible to develop proprietary code for linux.
> 
> I don't consider companies who create proprietary kernel modules as
> contributing to linux development in any way.  Possibly they help indirectly
> by getting the word out about linux but that is a secondary and, IMO, very
> minor benefit.

Windows is too complicated.  It usually takes a sharp individual a long
time (four years?) to become really proficient in Windows.  And that
proficiency usually last a very short time (two years).  All of their
knowledge would have been gained through the continued (and expensive)
subscription to MSDN.  They usually don't feel compelled to contribute
to anything.

It's the culture.  Groups of Windows developers would sit around bashing
Unix.  An ActiveX DLL is the highest ideal that they can attain. 
Putting the "copy file" animation into every program is their idea of
fun.  Their world evolved around OLE, COM, ActiveX, DirectX, ODBC, DAO,
RDO, ADO, DCOM, MVM.

They would ask: "what's the point of Cygwin?"  And you answer "so that
Cygnus can host GNU tools on NT for embedded programming."  They open up
their MSDN case, thumb through the couple dozen or so CDs inside and
find WindowsCE.  "We have Visual Basic and Windows CE.  And Microsoft
told me that's all I need for embedded programming," they would say.  "I
don't care what you think of me, but as far as I'm concerned, Microsoft
invented the PC in 1980.  They invented GUI and the Mouse in 1989.  They
invented TCP/IP in 1992. And they invented the Internet in 1995."

There's a huge mass of them out there is a fact of life.  The only way
to turn their heads around and even look at something non-Microsofty is
to show them a huge amount of money.  "What's there in it for me?" is
their motto, or they wouldn't have become Windows programmers.

If you don't believe me, look at (or just imagine) the latest CNN/USA
Today poll.

--
Weiqi Gao
weiqigao@a.crl.com

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[DJ Delorie]

> That could be part of it.  The fact that a company is in charge of 
> coordinating the efforts has an effect.

What effect?  I would think that having a company back a project would
be *good*, since they have more to lose if it fails.

> In the past the main reason I didn't even investigate contributing
> is : Because of the feeling that contributions are unwanted, and
> that someone else is making money of of my work.
>
> After a little investigation, I found that these wern't valid
> concerns, but they are a first line of resistance.

How did you get these impressions?  If there is a way for us to make
sure people get the right impressions up front, perhaps that would
save people a bit of grief.

However, let's get one thing straight: Cygnus *is* making money off
your work, at least indirectly.  However, in return we're giving a lot
of technology and effort (in the form of cygwin, since we do most of
the work on it) back to the community (you).  I'd like to think this
is a fair exchange.  Do you think this is a fair exchange?

As for contributions, we definitely want them, but keep in mind that
it's our responsibility to the cygwin community (you), as the "keepers
of cygwin", to ensure that anything added to cygwin doesn't make it
worse.  The preferred method of dealing with these types of
contributions is to work with the author until they meet our
standards, rather than simply rejecting it.

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RE: Cygwin participation threshold

[Bernard Dautrevaux]

[-- Warning: decoded text below may be mangled, UTF-8 assumed --]
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 2791 bytes --]

> -----Original Message-----
> From: DJ Delorie [ mailto:dj@delorie.com ]
> Sent: Thursday, February 25, 1999 7:36 PM
> To: Ssiddiqi@InspirePharm.Com
> Cc: cygwin@sourceware.cygnus.com
> Subject: Re: Cygwin participation threshold
> 
> 
> 
> > Does the GPL applies to GNUPro, which is distributed for commercial
> > use?
> 
> GNUPro is made up of a number of components with a number of licensing
> terms, just like djgpp is.  Those parts that are copyrighted by
> authors other than Cygnus, like gcc, must be distributed under the
> terms the author supplied, in this case the GPL.  Cygnus can do
> nothing about that.
> 
> However, Cygnus is the author of some of those parts (like I'm the
> author of djgpp's libc) and can choose alternate terms for alternate
> distributions.  For example, our C runtime and cygwin runtimes were
> written by us, so we can decide that they're GPL for this release, and
> proprietary for that release.  If you purchase a GNUPro distribution
> from us, it comes with the same software as a net release (except it's
> been QAd, may have some as-yet-unreleased improvements over the net
> release, and is supported by Cygnus) but we use a different license
> that lets you use our runtimes in proprietary applications.  It just
> isn't practical to provide source code for cell phones :) The 
> fees from
> these sales are the primary source of funding for the software, and
> thus pay for the net releases.
> 

So if I understand you corectly, if I *pay* it may be interesting for me
to contribute *pro-bono* to the net release? perhaps I'll negociate
discounts on my payments against my contributions? :-) 

Seriously I effectively remember having noted that I may get a cygwin
release not covered by the GPL against a fee (the one thing I don't know
is "how much?"); however I think it's quite discouraging to see Cygnus,
known to be able to earn its life with free software due to its
excellent support to its high-grade customers (I think I remember
support contracts with Cygnus were quite expensive), shift to a purely
mercantile strategy: If you pay, you'll get the right to earn some money
and to use some proprietary Cygnus code and corrections that may never
be put in the net release...

Too bad for free software fate :-( or *please* explain me that I'm plain
wrong and that Cygnus is not doing anything like that...

Best regards,

		Bernard

--------------------------------------------
Bernard Dautrevaux
Microprocess Ingéniérie
97 bis, rue de Colombes
92400 COURBEVOIE
FRANCE
Tel:	+33 (0) 1 47 68 80 80
Fax:	+33 (0) 1 47 88 97 85
e-mail:	dautrevaux@microprocess.com
		b.dautrevaux@usa.net
-------------------------------------------- 

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Christopher Faylor]

On Wed, Feb 24, 1999 at 11:35:42AM +0000, Carl Zmola wrote:
>Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:
>
>> On Mon, Feb 22, 1999 at 11:30:59AM +0000, Carl Zmola wrote:
>> >
>> >In the past the main reason I didn't even investigate contributing is :
>> >Because of the feeling that contributions are unwanted, and that someone
>> >else is making money of of my work.
>> >
>> >After a little investigation, I found that these wern't valid concerns, but
>> >they are a first line of resistance.  
>> 
>> It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
>> has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".
>
>Quite possibly. Also in the past, if you went to the cygnus web site, you couldn't
>get to the 'free' cygwin tools.  That left a bad taste in my mouth.

When was this?  There has been a button on the main site for some time.
I can't say for sure, but I believe that if you were having problems
accessing the cygwin page it must have been an oversight by our
webmaster.

>> The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
>> the linux project and *many* companies make money from linux.
>
>That is quite true.  The name could be part of the problem, but I do know
>who cygnus is because of the name.

Yup.  It's likely many people Cygwin == Cygnus.

cgf

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Lam Pui Yuen]

done !

On Thu, 25 Feb 1999, Fergus Henderson wrote:

> On 24-Feb-1999, Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:
> > On Thu, Feb 25, 1999, Fergus Henderson wrote:
> > >Yes, but you can write and distribute proprietry applications or even
> > >proprietry kernel modules for Linux without paying anyone a license fee.
> > >The same is not true for Cygwin (although it *was* true once, back around
> > >version b16, when it was called gnu-win32).
> > 
> > True, but that is not the point.  I believe this whold thread started
> > because I lamented the lack of people contributing directly to cygwin
> > development.
> 
> You also asked why.  I believe that licensing may be one of the reasons why.
> So I don't think my comment is beside the point.  You may disagree with me,
> but I think we're talking about the same topic.
> 
> > The many contributors to the linux kernel do not do so
> > because it is possible to develop proprietary code for linux.
> 
> That may not be their direct motivation, but I do think it is a
> significant factor.  I think that if it were impossible to develop
> proprietry code for Linux, then Linux would have a much smaller user
> base, and there would be far fewer contributors to Linux.
> 
> > I don't consider companies who create proprietary kernel modules as
> > contributing to linux development in any way.
> 
> The ability to create proprietry kernel modules is of little importance.
> The ability to create proprietry applications is of much greater importance.
> 
> > Possibly they help indirectly
> > by getting the word out about linux but that is a secondary and, IMO, very
> > minor benefit.
> 
> I agree that the benefits are indirect and secondary.  However,
> I don't think they should be ignored.
> 
> In addition to getting the word out, companies which develop proprietry
> applications (or kernel modules) often also help
> 
> 	(1) by using Linux, and in the process sometimes reporting
> 	    and/or fixing bugs in the kernel and/or the various
> 	    open-source applications that are part of Linux; sometimes
> 	    they will even add whole new features which are needed for
> 	    their proprietry application (or module); and
> 
> 	(2) by providing software (or drivers) which other people need,
> 	    and thus encouraging those other people to use Linux,
> 	    leading to the same benefits as (1).
> 
> -- 
> Fergus Henderson <fjh@cs.mu.oz.au>  |  "Binaries may die
> WWW: < http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~fjh >  |   but source code lives forever"
> PGP: finger fjh@128.250.37.3        |     -- leaked Microsoft memo.
> 
> --
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> 
> 


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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Larry Hall]

At 10:51 PM 2/25/99 -0800, Geoffrey Noer wrote:
>AFAIK, amount of contributions did not vary with this name change.
>I think most variation has more to do with how busy individual people
>have been and what they've been interested in working on.
>
>-- 
>Geoffrey Noer		Email: noer@cygnus.com
>Cygnus Solutions
>


Right on!  If anyone wants my opinion (and even if you don't, I guess you'll
get it!;-)), the level of contributions from the current "user" base 
is, much like the contribution level of the people at Cygnus, quite tied to 
what's going on in their "day jobs".  This description certainly fits me to a
tee over the last few months!:-(  I expect the overall level of contributions
will increase only as the user base that likes to dabble in it increases.
While I don't think discussion of this topic is a bad idea, I think it has
become somewhat academic at this point.  People will contribute as they can
and when they can.  I think that describes most of what drives contributions.
Other things mentioned here may be factors on "ramping up" or becoming 
comfortable with what it means to contribute but I expect these are really
secondary issues for most users who would lend a hand.  Obviously, anything
that can be done to mitigate the secondary issues only helps!  Certainly,
if there is a simple "tweak" to any of these, let's find them and "tweak"
them!;-)




Larry Hall                              lhall@rfk.com
RFK Partners, Inc.                      (781) 239-1053
8 Grove Street                          (781) 239-1655 - FAX
Wellesley, MA  02482-7797               http://www.rfk.com

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Christopher Faylor]

On Wed, Feb 24, 1999 at 09:59:16AM -0500, Steve Morris wrote:
>Christopher Faylor writes:
> > It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
> > has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".
> > 
> > The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
> > the Linux project and *many* companies make money from Linux.
>
>Actually I think you've hit on a major issue. Even though Cygnus makes
>cygwin available as sourceware it is obviously a Cygnus
>product. Cygnus controls the feature set. Design decisions are made by
>Cygnus. People can contribute but Cygnus is the final arbiter on
>design decisions and even code style.

This is very similar to the way Linux was developed except that in the
Linux case Linus Torvalds was the final arbiter.  In the Cygnus case
the final arbiter was first Steve Chamberlain, then Geoffrey Noer, and
now me.  There's still one person involved in decisions but input from
external developers is both solicited and appreciated.

>With gcc it is different. Cygnus is the official maintainer but the
>perception is that Cygnus acts more as a custodian for FSF and the
>free software community. FSF owns the copyright. Redhat is another
>example. Redhat doesn't own Linux. RPM is the only significant thing
>that RedHat copyrights and even that makes people nervous.

Of course, gcc wasn't initially developed by Cygnus either.  One of the
reasons behind the formation of EGCS was that there were a number of
contributors besides Cygnus who felt that they weren't able to contribute
to GNU's gcc project.  This is entirely a different situation from Cygwin.

Although RedHat doesn't own Linux, it obviously does make money from its
sale.  This means that if you contribute some nifty code to Linux you
also might benefit RedHat.  I don't see how the ownership issue matters
here.  Somebody is still making money from your work whether it's Cygnus
or RedHat.

>On the other hand Cygwin is obviously branded. Even the mailing list
>is controlled by Cygnus. The developers mailing list access is
>restricted by Cygnus engineers. The official Cygwin web page is
>controlled by Cygnus. The bug list is an internal Cygnus system.

All this is true of EGCS, too, isn't it?

The developers mailing list is supposed to be open only to people who
are willing to contribute to the development of cygwin.  If the rest of
the (developers) mailing list thinks that that is too restrictive a goal
then I'd be happy to open it up.  We have maintained cygwin-developers
as a closed list to try to limit discussions to actual development
issues.

>Psychologically it doesn't make me feel like I would count as much as
>a Cygnus engineer if I contributed. Helping Cygnus with their free
>software product doesn't have the same cachet as helping Linus Torvald
>with his. Linus stands first among equals partners. How can I feel
>like an equal partner to a company?

Have you actually read the linux-dev-kernel?  I don't think that
net contributors would rank Linus "first among equal partners".  Linus
is a semi-benign despot.  He accepts patches from people but he always
has the right of refusing patches and he does reject patches often.

Patches from people like Alan Cox or David Miller or Stephen Tweedie are
likely to be given the "fast track" into the main development kernel.
Patches from you or me are likely to be ignored unless we can really
prove our technical competence.

For a long time, this same model was also used by Larry Wall for perl.
In fact, it didn't really break down until Larry suffered health
problems.  Now perl has a number of people contributing code to
an volunteer maintainer who acts as an arbiter of what gets in and what
doesn't.  But in case of deadlock, Larry's word always trumps everyone.

I think that this model is actually what makes these packages a
success.  They have one person at the top with a clear vision of where the
product is supposed to be going and what it is supposed to be doing.

This is what we're trying to do with Cygwin too, with, so far, limited
success.  Cygwin does have it's contributors and I'm *very* grateful for
the time that they've put into making it better.  Some of the major
Cygwin subsystems have, in fact, been contributed by people who managed
to get beyond this "company" barrier.  Or maybe it never occurred to them.

>I guess the issue is not companies making money on free software.
>Instead the issue is companies being perceived as controlling the
>software development.

Well, if that is your feeling, I can't dispute it.  If I understand what
you're saying correctly, your philosophy for Cygwin is that you will use
it and hope that it improves from release to release but, if it doesn't,
the barrier of a company judging and profiting by your code submissions
is too high for you to consider attempting any improvements yourself.

>Tcl is entering the same delicate state. With Ousterhout starting
>Scriptics which is now the official distributor of the release people
>are beginning to get nervous. The question always hovers "will
>Scriptics pull Tcl in and make it a commercial product?" TclPro is
>$1000 a seat. What if new development or the good extensions only
>appear in TclPro? Nobody begrudges Ousterhout's right to make money on
>his major contribution but still there is anxiety.

I don't know anything about Scriptics' philosophy of business but I hope
that most people on the net know that Cygnus has been dedicated to the
concept of free software for a long time.  Hopefully that stands for
something.

If it doesn't then I don't know how to overcome this obstacle.  I could
give personal assurances that Cygwin will always be free but since
Cygnus is a business, DJ and I could be booted out tomorrow and replaced
by some evil software hoarders.  It's not a likely scenario (at least
the evil software hoarder part) but there is no guarantee that anyone
can give that means anything.

But, of course, maybe none of these observations matter.  We're talking
about perceptions, here.  It's my contention that if the EGCS project
had been named 'cyg-gcc' that it probably wouldn't have as large a base
of contributors.  It's probably the initial 'cyg' which is off putting
to people as well as the technical barrier of having to know both UNIX
and Windows code.

cgf

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RE: Cygwin participation threshold

[Bernard Dautrevaux]

[-- Warning: decoded text below may be mangled, UTF-8 assumed --]
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 2835 bytes --]

> -----Original Message-----
> From: DJ Delorie [ mailto:dj@delorie.com ]
> Sent: Wednesday, February 24, 1999 10:50 PM
> To: cgf@cygnus.com
> Cc: cygwin@sourceware.cygnus.com
> Subject: Re: Cygwin participation threshold
> 
> 
> 
> > If it doesn't then I don't know how to overcome this obstacle.  I
> > could give personal assurances that Cygwin will always be free but
> > since Cygnus is a business, DJ and I could be booted out tomorrow
> > and replaced by some evil software hoarders.
> 
> Even if that happens, you could always take the most recent net
> release of cygwin and move forward with it.  It is, after all, GPL.
> 

I wonder if that was not precisely the reason of the lack of
contributors to cygwin. Let make a supposition: suppose Linus had put on
the Linux kernel (the equivalent to cygwin.dll) a copyright saying that
*any* program run under Linux *must* be distributed in source form under
the GPL... I'm quite sure Linux would *not* have been as successful as
it is, would had *a lot* less contributors, and would certainly *not* be
promoted now by little guys like Compaq and HP...

I would like to use cygwin, and I would certainly contribute to cygwin
(helping to solve the problems that bother me in it), but I'm not *able*
to use it (I *have* to restrain to mingw32) because I have to live from
my work and thus I have to sell my software.

How I understand free software is that I'm ready to help build powerful
free tools like cygwin, if I can use this work to earn my life. However
my boss would not allow me to spend my time on cygwin, as he cannot sold
proprietary code built with it. So I *can't* contribute, not because
cygwin is complicated (I'm myself building real-time executives and I
know what complexity is), not because someone may send my patches back
because they are not good enough (I'm sure the first one would be, or
cygwin will be a lot worse than it is), not because cygnus is a company
earning money with free software (I'd like to also). 

The whole point here is these three letters: GPL; let add a 4th one (an
initial L) and it could be a lot more successful, and people that do not
think at contributing would do (at least I would probably do because, at
least for now, I will probably need to if I use it seriously).

Hope this will not start a new GPL/nonGPL flame war; GPL is fine but I
think LGPL would be a lot more appropriate for cygwin.dll.

Best regards, 

		Bernard

--------------------------------------------
Bernard Dautrevaux
Microprocess Ingéniérie
97 bis, rue de Colombes
92400 COURBEVOIE
FRANCE
Tel:	+33 (0) 1 47 68 80 80
Fax:	+33 (0) 1 47 88 97 85
e-mail:	dautrevaux@microprocess.com
		b.dautrevaux@usa.net
-------------------------------------------- 

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Fergus Henderson]

> DJGPP has a much higher threshold (it's much more complicated), but
> there are far more people contributing to djgpp than to cygwin.  If
> anyone can figure out *why*, let us know! ;-) I think it's social -
> djgpp contributors just know that they'll get a friendly reception to
> their contributions, good or bad, so they aren't as hesitant to send
> stuff in.

I think the licensing may well have something to do with it.
DJGPP is licensed under a quite liberal license.
Cygwin, on the other hand, is only licensed under the GPL
or for a fee.  For libraries, the GPL is quite restrictive.

-- 
Fergus Henderson <fjh@cs.mu.oz.au>  |  "Binaries may die
WWW: < http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~fjh >  |   but source code lives forever"
PGP: finger fjh@128.250.37.3        |     -- leaked Microsoft memo.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Suhaib M. Siddiqi]

>I wonder if that was not precisely the reason of the lack of
>contributors to cygwin. Let make a supposition: suppose Linus had put
on
>the Linux kernel (the equivalent to cygwin.dll) a copyright saying that
>*any* program run under Linux *must* be distributed in source form
under
>the GPL...


Does the GPL applies to GNUPro, which is distributed for commercial
use?



>I'm quite sure Linux would *not* have been as successful as
>it is, would had *a lot* less contributors, and would certainly *not*
be
>promoted now by little guys like Compaq and HP...
>
>I would like to use cygwin, and I would certainly contribute to cygwin
>(helping to solve the problems that bother me in it), but I'm not
*able*
>to use it (I *have* to restrain to mingw32) because I have to live from
>my work and thus I have to sell my software.






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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Fergus Henderson]

On 24-Feb-1999, Weiqi Gao <weiqigao@a.crl.com> wrote:
> 
> Windows is too complicated.  It usually takes a sharp individual a long
> time (four years?) to become really proficient in Windows.  And that
> proficiency usually last a very short time (two years).  All of their
> knowledge would have been gained through the continued (and expensive)
> subscription to MSDN.  They usually don't feel compelled to contribute
> to anything.

That doesn't explain why they contribute more to djgpp than to cygwin.

> It's the culture.  Groups of Windows developers would sit around bashing
> Unix.

But that could well explain it.

One thing that might help would be better mingw32 support.
That might encourage people who would otherwise use djgpp
to use cygwin instead.  But I suppose they still wouldn't
be likely to contribute to the winsup stuff.

Someone else also commented that people who use cygwin probably
run Linux when they can, and so don't get much chance to play
around with cygwin.  I think that is another very likely explanation.

-- 
Fergus Henderson <fjh@cs.mu.oz.au>  |  "Binaries may die
WWW: < http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~fjh >  |   but source code lives forever"
PGP: finger fjh@128.250.37.3        |     -- leaked Microsoft memo.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[DJ Delorie]

> For a long time, this same model was also used by Larry Wall for perl.

The model is *still* used by djgpp - *all* patches must go through me.
I'm at the moment starting to let a few others apply patches (like
Eli), but getting code into djgpp is much more draconic than cygwin,
since (1) there are more cygwin people who can check in changes, and
(2) I'm much more strict about style and quality in djgpp :)

> If it doesn't then I don't know how to overcome this obstacle.  I
> could give personal assurances that Cygwin will always be free but
> since Cygnus is a business, DJ and I could be booted out tomorrow
> and replaced by some evil software hoarders.

Even if that happens, you could always take the most recent net
release of cygwin and move forward with it.  It is, after all, GPL.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Suhaib M. Siddiqi]

>
>> Their product does not depend on Cygwin, but it does provide
>> switches to use Cygwin headers and libraries for porting purposes.
>> The fact is they got a commercial F77 and F90 which can use Cygwin
>> headers and libraries, makes it a really attractive product.
>
>In that case, it still acts to mkae cygwin more popular, which
>hopefully means that more people will use it in general, etc.
>

Absolutely true.  I guess PGi is the only product right now which offers
a
Cygwin compability, with F77/F90 and HPF for single and multiprocessors
machines.

That was the reason i decided to go for it.  To be honest G77 still lags
behind a normal F77 compiler.


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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Fergus Henderson]

On 24-Feb-1999, Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:
> On Thu, Feb 25, 1999, Fergus Henderson wrote:
> >Yes, but you can write and distribute proprietry applications or even
> >proprietry kernel modules for Linux without paying anyone a license fee.
> >The same is not true for Cygwin (although it *was* true once, back around
> >version b16, when it was called gnu-win32).
> 
> True, but that is not the point.  I believe this whold thread started
> because I lamented the lack of people contributing directly to cygwin
> development.

You also asked why.  I believe that licensing may be one of the reasons why.
So I don't think my comment is beside the point.  You may disagree with me,
but I think we're talking about the same topic.

> The many contributors to the linux kernel do not do so
> because it is possible to develop proprietary code for linux.

That may not be their direct motivation, but I do think it is a
significant factor.  I think that if it were impossible to develop
proprietry code for Linux, then Linux would have a much smaller user
base, and there would be far fewer contributors to Linux.

> I don't consider companies who create proprietary kernel modules as
> contributing to linux development in any way.

The ability to create proprietry kernel modules is of little importance.
The ability to create proprietry applications is of much greater importance.

> Possibly they help indirectly
> by getting the word out about linux but that is a secondary and, IMO, very
> minor benefit.

I agree that the benefits are indirect and secondary.  However,
I don't think they should be ignored.

In addition to getting the word out, companies which develop proprietry
applications (or kernel modules) often also help

	(1) by using Linux, and in the process sometimes reporting
	    and/or fixing bugs in the kernel and/or the various
	    open-source applications that are part of Linux; sometimes
	    they will even add whole new features which are needed for
	    their proprietry application (or module); and

	(2) by providing software (or drivers) which other people need,
	    and thus encouraging those other people to use Linux,
	    leading to the same benefits as (1).

-- 
Fergus Henderson <fjh@cs.mu.oz.au>  |  "Binaries may die
WWW: < http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~fjh >  |   but source code lives forever"
PGP: finger fjh@128.250.37.3        |     -- leaked Microsoft memo.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Carl Zmola]

Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:

> On Mon, Feb 22, 1999 at 11:30:59AM +0000, Carl Zmola wrote:
> >
> >In the past the main reason I didn't even investigate contributing is :
> >Because of the feeling that contributions are unwanted, and that someone
> >else is making money of of my work.
> >
> >After a little investigation, I found that these wern't valid concerns, but
> >they are a first line of resistance.  
> 
> It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
> has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".

Quite possibly. Also in the past, if you went to the cygnus web site, you couldn't
get to the 'free' cygwin tools.  That left a bad taste in my mouth.

> The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
> the linux project and *many* companies make money from linux.

That is quite true.  The name could be part of the problem, but I do know
who cygnus is because of the name.

 

Carl 
zmola@campbellsci.com

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Steve Morris]

Christopher Faylor writes:
 > It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
 > has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".
 > 
 > The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
 > the linux project and *many* companies make money from linux.

Actually I think you've hit on a major issue. Even though Cygnus makes
cygwin available as sourceware it is obviously a Cygnus
product. Cygnus controls the feature set. Design decisions are made by
Cygnus. People can contribute but Cygnus is the final arbitor on
design decisions and even code style.

With gcc it is different. Cygnus is the official maintainer but the
perception is that Cygnus acts more as a custodian for FSF and the
free software community. FSF owns the copyright. Redhat is another
example. Redhat doesn't own Linux. RPM is the only significant thing
that RedHat copyrights and even that makes people nervous.

On the other hand Cygwin is obviously branded. Even the mailing list
is controlled by Cygnus. The developers mailing list access is
restricted by Cygnus engineers. The official Cygwin web page is
controlled by Cygnus. The bug list is an internal Cygnus system.

Psychologically it doesn't make me feel like I would count as much as
a Cygnus engineer if I contributed. Helping Cygnus with their free
software product doesn't have the same cachet as helping Linus Torvald
with his. Linus stands first among equals partners. How can I feel
like an equal partner to a company?

I guess the issue is not companies making money on free
software. Instead the issue is companies being perceived as
controlling the software development.

Tcl is entering the same delicate state. With Ousterhout starting
Scriptics which is now the official distributor of the release people
are beginning to get nervous. The question always hovers "will
Scriptics pull Tcl in and make it a commercial product?" TclPro is
$1000 a seat. What if new development or the good extensions only
appear in TclPro? Nobody begrudges Ousterhout's right to make money on
his major contribution but still there is anxiety.

I don't envy Cygnus as it tries to walk this tightrope.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Christopher Faylor]

On Mon, Feb 22, 1999 at 11:30:59AM +0000, Carl Zmola wrote:
>
>> DJGPP has a much higher threshold (it's much more complicated), but
>> there are far more people contributing to djgpp than to cygwin.  If
>> anyone can figure out *why*, let us know! ;-) I think it's social -
>> djgpp contributors just know that they'll get a friendly reception to
>> their contributions, good or bad, so they aren't as hesitant to send
>> stuff in.
>
>That could be part of it.  The fact that a company is in charge of 
>coordinating the efforts has an effect.
>
>In the past the main reason I didn't even investigate contributing is :
>Because of the feeling that contributions are unwanted, and that someone
>else is making money of of my work.
>
>After a little investigation, I found that these wern't valid concerns, but
>they are a first line of resistance.  

It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".

The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
the linux project and *many* companies make money from linux.

cgf

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Carl Zmola]

> 
> When was this?  There has been a button on the main site for some time.
> I can't say for sure, but I believe that if you were having problems
> accessing the cygwin page it must have been an oversight by our
> webmaster.

Oh 2 years maybe? A long time ago.  

> Yup.  It's likely many people Cygwin == Cygnus.

For better or for worse. 
 

Carl 
zmola@campbellsci.com

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Suhaib M. Siddiqi]

>
>> Hopefully, that's what you wanted - to give people a nice tool,
>
>I think it would be more accurate to replace "give" with "share with".
>
>As a bit of history, Cygnus had a purely business reason to create
>cygwin.  Doing so let us host our tools on 95/NT platforms, which
>meant more customers (i.e. more money).  AFAIK, releasing cygwin to
>the net had two reasons: the first philosophical, in that we like to
>share; and the second practical, in that the more people using cygwin
>the more paid support contracts we'll get.


What about third party products. For example PGI Workstation comes
bundle with
Cygwin. It uses better commercial compilers and one has a choice to use
GCC/G77
or PGCC/PG77/PGF90 etc.  Who gets the *paid support* in that case?
I am just a bit curious!

Regards
Suhaib




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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Geoffrey Noer]

On Wed, Feb 24, 1999, Christopher Faylor wrote:
[...]
  > >    By the way, if you haven't answered that yet, changing name from
> >gnu-win32 to cygwin has your motivation or FSF's?
> 
> I wasn't around for all of the naming decisions but I think that the
> decision was entirely Cygnus's.  Maybe if Geoff is still reading the
> list he can elaborate.  It would be interesting to see if contributions
> slacked off after the original name change.

Yep, I'm still here.  :-)

Folks at Cygnus made the decision (I was one of the people involved in
it, to a degree).  It was made for a number of reasons -- that
"gnu-win32" was needlessly cumbersome, that Cygwin was meant to
support more Unix apps than just the GNU ones, and that the central
piece of technololgy was Cygwin so it made sense to use that name for
the tools as well as for the library.

Whether or not this was a good decision, it's made and as the person
who recently went through all of the config files changing all
instances of cygwin32 to cygwin*, I hope the current project name
stays for a good long time. :-)

AFAIK, amount of contributions did not vary with this name change.
I think most variation has more to do with how busy individual people
have been and what they've been interested in working on.

-- 
Geoffrey Noer		Email: noer@cygnus.com
Cygnus Solutions

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RE: Cygwin participation threshold

[Todd Goodman]

> Steve Morris writes:
[SNIP]
> Personal note: I attempted to sign up for the cygwin developers
> mailing list. I wasn't ready to commit to specific work but I wanted
> to get a feel for the level of mutual support and how the team
> interacted. I intended to silently lurk a while and then step into a
> more active role as I found a place to contribute. Apparently my
> justification and commitment didn't seem strong enough because I was
> silently excluded. No explanation, no apology. I just wasn't added to
> the list. It didn't leave a good taste in my mouth or predispose me to
> step up my level of commitment to this particular freeware project.

I had the same experience.  A request for more information (which I
forwarded) but no response after that.

I can certainly understand wanting to keep usage questions, etc from
the developers list and I believe it's a reasonable rule to keep the
list restricted to those who contribute.

However, one of the best ways to get your feet wet and find a place
*to* contribute is to lurk on a developers list for a while.

As is likely the case with most who aren't active contributors, it is
available time at this point that keeps me from contributing more.

If I was able to lurk on the developers list then I could more easily
judge what I might be able to work on.  If something looked like it
would fit with my available time then I might be able to contribute.
If I knew I might have more available time, I could see about something
else.

As it is now, I have no idea what even requires more work.  Everything
works well for me.  :-)

Just my $.02.

Thanks for all the good work,

Todd Goodman

[SNIP]
> Steve Morris
> sjm@judgement.com


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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Steve Morris]

In all this discussion something important is being lost. Cris
bemoaned the lack of development support for cygwin and asked for
reasons. I and others tried to explain where we think the issues
are. Inevitably this comes out sounding negative, but at least on my
part, this is not intended. Maybe we took Cris' questions too
literally. Flogging Cygnus was not the intent. We were trying to offer
legitimate feedback to a legitimate question.

Let me reiterate that Cygnus is clearly one of the Good Guys. The best
guys are the Cygnus employees (like Cris) who volunteer their own time
to this project.

Many of us are rooting for Cygnus and are hoping more companies figure
out how to make money on free software; because they then tend to give
back. As an example gcc and gdb have been in much better shape all
these years since Cygnus became the official release site.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[DJ Delorie]

> Seriously I effectively remember having noted that I may get a cygwin
> release not covered by the GPL against a fee

Yes, but the only part not covered by the fee is the cygwin/newlib
runtime libraries.  Things like the compiler will always be GPL, no
matter how much you pay.

> (the one thing I don't know is "how much?");

Me neither.  It depends on how much support you want, I think.  We
have everything from "will be fixed in the next release" to "will be
fixed and in your hands in a few hours".

> however I think it's quite discouraging to see Cygnus, known to be
> able to earn its life with free software due to its excellent
> support to its high-grade customers

Yup, that's us.  Support and custom work are still by far the biggest
chunk of our income.

> (I think I remember support contracts with Cygnus were quite
> expensive),

And worth it, I think.  When was the last time you got a useful answer
out of Microsoft's support line?

> shift to a purely mercantile strategy: If you pay, you'll get the
> right to earn some money and to use some proprietary Cygnus code and
> corrections that may never be put in the net release...

Look at it the other way - it encourages people to produce GPL
software, since to do otherwise is more expensive.

As for the "never be put in the net release" you're wrong.  All our
contracts are negotiated such that all changes are folded into the net
releases eventually, usually within six months for custom work.  In
the case of cygwin (winsup, at least), I don't think there's any code
at the moment that isn't already in the net releases.

As for "purely mercantile" you're wrong there too.  Product sales are
a small part of our income, and even then each product sale includes a
support contract, which is part of the price.  I think the *smallest*
contract you can buy is a 30-day "Getting Started" contract.

> Too bad for free software fate :-( or *please* explain me that I'm
> plain wrong and that Cygnus is not doing anything like that...

I think you're wrong, but it's hard to expain why.  Consider that the
GNUPro package (that's what we call it) contains more than just
software.  For the price you pay, you get the following:

* Software that's been fully tested and known to work well together
* hard media and printed documentation
* commercial-grade phone and email support, as much as you paid for
* custom patches and upgrades as per your support agreement
* permission to use the GNUPro runtime for proprietary products

As you see, you're not just paying for the license change.  You're
paying for a lot more, and the license is just part of it.  By selling
these bundles, we accomplish the following goals:

* we spread the word about free software
* we encourage companies to *write* free software
* we fund free software development
* we are more profitable :-)

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Steve Morris]

Christopher Faylor writes:
 > On Wed, Feb 24, 1999 at 09:59:16AM -0500, Steve Morris wrote:
 > >Christopher Faylor writes:
 > > > It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
 > > > has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".
 > > > 
 > > > The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
 > > > the Linux project and *many* companies make money from Linux.
 > >
 > >Actually I think you've hit on a major issue. Even though Cygnus makes
 > >cygwin available as sourceware it is obviously a Cygnus
 > >product. Cygnus controls the feature set. Design decisions are made by
 > >Cygnus. People can contribute but Cygnus is the final arbiter on
 > >design decisions and even code style.
... clipped ....
 > >On the other hand Cygwin is obviously branded. Even the mailing list
 > >is controlled by Cygnus. The developers mailing list access is
 > >restricted by Cygnus engineers. The official Cygwin web page is
 > >controlled by Cygnus. The bug list is an internal Cygnus system.
 > 
 > All this is true of EGCS, too, isn't it?
 > 
 > The developers mailing list is supposed to be open only to people who
 > are willing to contribute to the development of cygwin.  If the rest of
 > the (developers) mailing list thinks that that is too restrictive a goal
 > then I'd be happy to open it up.  We have maintained cygwin-developers
 > as a closed list to try to limit discussions to actual development
 > issues.
... clipped ....
 > >I guess the issue is not companies making money on free software.
 > >Instead the issue is companies being perceived as controlling the
 > >software development.
 > Well, if that is your feeling, I can't dispute it.  If I understand what
 > you're saying correctly, your philosophy for Cygwin is that you will use
 > it and hope that it improves from release to release but, if it doesn't,
 > the barrier of a company judging and profiting by your code submissions
 > is too high for you to consider attempting any improvements yourself.

Actually I wasn't stating my philosophy. I was generally responding to
your general question. As long as you are making it personal here is
my philosophy: People that use free software should give back to the
free software community where they can. This can be major software
development, helping with doc, or merely fielding questions where they
can from the supporting list or newsgroup. However I don't feel they
need to feel obliged to contribute to every free software package they
use.

Personal note: I attempted to sign up for the cygwin developers
mailing list. I wasn't ready to commit to specific work but I wanted
to get a feel for the level of mutual support and how the team
interacted. I intended to silently lurk a while and then step into a
more active role as I found a place to contribute. Apparently my
justification and commitment didn't seem strong enough because I was
silently excluded. No explanation, no apology. I just wasn't added to
the list. It didn't leave a good taste in my mouth or predispose me to
step up my level of commitment to this particular freeware project.

 > But, of course, maybe none of these observations matter.  We're talking
 > about perceptions, here.  It's my contention that if the EGCS project
 > had been named 'cyg-gcc' that it probably wouldn't have as large a base
 > of contributors.  It's probably the initial 'cyg' which is off putting
 > to people as well as the technical barrier of having to know both UNIX
 > and Windows code.

I think that you are exactly right. Perception is the key, although it
goes beyond just the cyg prefix. I suspect that as long as cygwin is
perceived as a company product people will be less willing to help
than for other projects which are lead by volunteers with no fiduciary
interest. Both are good but one is more attractive than the other.

Steve Morris
sjm@judgement.com


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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Larry Hall]

At 10:51 PM 2/25/99 -0800, Geoffrey Noer wrote:
>AFAIK, amount of contributions did not vary with this name change.
>I think most variation has more to do with how busy individual people
>have been and what they've been interested in working on.
>
>-- 
>Geoffrey Noer		Email: noer@cygnus.com
>Cygnus Solutions
>


Right on!  If anyone wants my opinion (and even if you don't, I guess you'll
get it!;-)), the level of contributions from the current "user" base 
is, much like the contribution level of the people at Cygnus, quite tied to 
what's going on in their "day jobs".  This description certainly fits me to a
tee over the last few months!:-(  I expect the overall level of contributions
will increase only as the user base that likes to dabble in it increases.
While I don't think discussion of this topic is a bad idea, I think it has
become somewhat academic at this point.  People will contribute as they can
and when they can.  I think that describes most of what drives contributions.
Other things mentioned here may be factors on "ramping up" or becoming 
comfortable with what it means to contribute but I expect these are really
secondary issues for most users who would lend a hand.  Obviously, anything
that can be done to mitigate the secondary issues only helps!  Certainly,
if there is a simple "tweak" to any of these, let's find them and "tweak"
them!;-)




Larry Hall                              lhall@rfk.com
RFK Partners, Inc.                      (781) 239-1053
8 Grove Street                          (781) 239-1655 - FAX
Wellesley, MA  02482-7797               http://www.rfk.com

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RE: Cygwin participation threshold

[Bernard Dautrevaux]

[-- Warning: decoded text below may be mangled, UTF-8 assumed --]
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 2790 bytes --]

> -----Original Message-----
> From: DJ Delorie [ mailto:dj@delorie.com ]
> Sent: Thursday, February 25, 1999 7:36 PM
> To: Ssiddiqi@InspirePharm.Com
> Cc: cygwin@sourceware.cygnus.com
> Subject: Re: Cygwin participation threshold
> 
> 
> 
> > Does the GPL applies to GNUPro, which is distributed for commercial
> > use?
> 
> GNUPro is made up of a number of components with a number of licensing
> terms, just like djgpp is.  Those parts that are copyrighted by
> authors other than Cygnus, like gcc, must be distributed under the
> terms the author supplied, in this case the GPL.  Cygnus can do
> nothing about that.
> 
> However, Cygnus is the author of some of those parts (like I'm the
> author of djgpp's libc) and can choose alternate terms for alternate
> distributions.  For example, our C runtime and cygwin runtimes were
> written by us, so we can decide that they're GPL for this release, and
> proprietary for that release.  If you purchase a GNUPro distribution
> from us, it comes with the same software as a net release (except it's
> been QAd, may have some as-yet-unreleased improvements over the net
> release, and is supported by Cygnus) but we use a different license
> that lets you use our runtimes in proprietary applications.  It just
> isn't practical to provide source code for cell phones :) The 
> fees from
> these sales are the primary source of funding for the software, and
> thus pay for the net releases.
> 

So if I understand you corectly, if I *pay* it may be interesting for me
to contribute *pro-bono* to the net release? perhaps I'll negociate
discounts on my payments against my contributions? :-) 

Seriously I effectively remember having noted that I may get a cygwin
release not covered by the GPL against a fee (the one thing I don't know
is "how much?"); however I think it's quite discouraging to see Cygnus,
known to be able to earn its life with free software due to its
excellent support to its high-grade customers (I think I remember
support contracts with Cygnus were quite expensive), shift to a purely
mercantile strategy: If you pay, you'll get the right to earn some money
and to use some proprietary Cygnus code and corrections that may never
be put in the net release...

Too bad for free software fate :-( or *please* explain me that I'm plain
wrong and that Cygnus is not doing anything like that...

Best regards,

		Bernard

--------------------------------------------
Bernard Dautrevaux
Microprocess Ingéniérie
97 bis, rue de Colombes
92400 COURBEVOIE
FRANCE
Tel:	+33 (0) 1 47 68 80 80
Fax:	+33 (0) 1 47 88 97 85
e-mail:	dautrevaux@microprocess.com
		b.dautrevaux@usa.net
-------------------------------------------- 

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Geoffrey Noer]

On Wed, Feb 24, 1999, Christopher Faylor wrote:
[...]
  > >    By the way, if you haven't answered that yet, changing name from
> >gnu-win32 to cygwin has your motivation or FSF's?
> 
> I wasn't around for all of the naming decisions but I think that the
> decision was entirely Cygnus's.  Maybe if Geoff is still reading the
> list he can elaborate.  It would be interesting to see if contributions
> slacked off after the original name change.

Yep, I'm still here.  :-)

Folks at Cygnus made the decision (I was one of the people involved in
it, to a degree).  It was made for a number of reasons -- that
"gnu-win32" was needlessly cumbersome, that Cygwin was meant to
support more Unix apps than just the GNU ones, and that the central
piece of technololgy was Cygwin so it made sense to use that name for
the tools as well as for the library.

Whether or not this was a good decision, it's made and as the person
who recently went through all of the config files changing all
instances of cygwin32 to cygwin*, I hope the current project name
stays for a good long time. :-)

AFAIK, amount of contributions did not vary with this name change.
I think most variation has more to do with how busy individual people
have been and what they've been interested in working on.

-- 
Geoffrey Noer		Email: noer@cygnus.com
Cygnus Solutions

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[DJ Delorie]

> Does the GPL applies to GNUPro, which is distributed for commercial
> use?

GNUPro is made up of a number of components with a number of licensing
terms, just like djgpp is.  Those parts that are copyrighted by
authors other than Cygnus, like gcc, must be distributed under the
terms the author supplied, in this case the GPL.  Cygnus can do
nothing about that.

However, Cygnus is the author of some of those parts (like I'm the
author of djgpp's libc) and can choose alternate terms for alternate
distributions.  For example, our C runtime and cygwin runtimes were
written by us, so we can decide that they're GPL for this release, and
proprietary for that release.  If you purchase a GNUPro distribution
from us, it comes with the same software as a net release (except it's
been QAd, may have some as-yet-unreleased improvements over the net
release, and is supported by Cygnus) but we use a different license
that lets you use our runtimes in proprietary applications.  It just
isn't practical to provide source code for cell phones :) The fees from
these sales are the primary source of funding for the software, and
thus pay for the net releases.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Suhaib M. Siddiqi]

>I wonder if that was not precisely the reason of the lack of
>contributors to cygwin. Let make a supposition: suppose Linus had put
on
>the Linux kernel (the equivalent to cygwin.dll) a copyright saying that
>*any* program run under Linux *must* be distributed in source form
under
>the GPL...


Does the GPL applies to GNUPro, which is distributed for commercial
use?



>I'm quite sure Linux would *not* have been as successful as
>it is, would had *a lot* less contributors, and would certainly *not*
be
>promoted now by little guys like Compaq and HP...
>
>I would like to use cygwin, and I would certainly contribute to cygwin
>(helping to solve the problems that bother me in it), but I'm not
*able*
>to use it (I *have* to restrain to mingw32) because I have to live from
>my work and thus I have to sell my software.






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RE: Cygwin participation threshold

[Bernard Dautrevaux]

[-- Warning: decoded text below may be mangled, UTF-8 assumed --]
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 2834 bytes --]

> -----Original Message-----
> From: DJ Delorie [ mailto:dj@delorie.com ]
> Sent: Wednesday, February 24, 1999 10:50 PM
> To: cgf@cygnus.com
> Cc: cygwin@sourceware.cygnus.com
> Subject: Re: Cygwin participation threshold
> 
> 
> 
> > If it doesn't then I don't know how to overcome this obstacle.  I
> > could give personal assurances that Cygwin will always be free but
> > since Cygnus is a business, DJ and I could be booted out tomorrow
> > and replaced by some evil software hoarders.
> 
> Even if that happens, you could always take the most recent net
> release of cygwin and move forward with it.  It is, after all, GPL.
> 

I wonder if that was not precisely the reason of the lack of
contributors to cygwin. Let make a supposition: suppose Linus had put on
the Linux kernel (the equivalent to cygwin.dll) a copyright saying that
*any* program run under Linux *must* be distributed in source form under
the GPL... I'm quite sure Linux would *not* have been as successful as
it is, would had *a lot* less contributors, and would certainly *not* be
promoted now by little guys like Compaq and HP...

I would like to use cygwin, and I would certainly contribute to cygwin
(helping to solve the problems that bother me in it), but I'm not *able*
to use it (I *have* to restrain to mingw32) because I have to live from
my work and thus I have to sell my software.

How I understand free software is that I'm ready to help build powerful
free tools like cygwin, if I can use this work to earn my life. However
my boss would not allow me to spend my time on cygwin, as he cannot sold
proprietary code built with it. So I *can't* contribute, not because
cygwin is complicated (I'm myself building real-time executives and I
know what complexity is), not because someone may send my patches back
because they are not good enough (I'm sure the first one would be, or
cygwin will be a lot worse than it is), not because cygnus is a company
earning money with free software (I'd like to also). 

The whole point here is these three letters: GPL; let add a 4th one (an
initial L) and it could be a lot more successful, and people that do not
think at contributing would do (at least I would probably do because, at
least for now, I will probably need to if I use it seriously).

Hope this will not start a new GPL/nonGPL flame war; GPL is fine but I
think LGPL would be a lot more appropriate for cygwin.dll.

Best regards, 

		Bernard

--------------------------------------------
Bernard Dautrevaux
Microprocess Ingéniérie
97 bis, rue de Colombes
92400 COURBEVOIE
FRANCE
Tel:	+33 (0) 1 47 68 80 80
Fax:	+33 (0) 1 47 88 97 85
e-mail:	dautrevaux@microprocess.com
		b.dautrevaux@usa.net
-------------------------------------------- 

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Weiqi Gao]

Fergus Henderson wrote:
> 
> On 24-Feb-1999, Weiqi Gao <weiqigao@a.crl.com> wrote:
> >
> > Windows is too complicated.  It usually takes a sharp individual a long
> > time (four years?) to become really proficient in Windows.  And that
> > proficiency usually last a very short time (two years).  All of their
> > knowledge would have been gained through the continued (and expensive)
> > subscription to MSDN.  They usually don't feel compelled to contribute
> > to anything.
> 
> That doesn't explain why they contribute more to djgpp than to cygwin.

There is a sense of the "power of personality" in the DJGPP project. 
For example, DJ never complained about not enough people contributing. 
And Eli Zarreskii(?) had never gone into an argument with a user,
contributing or not.  He's been sending out ten pieces of emails per day
for three(?) years now, and fifty percent of them are "Read the FAQ". 
He's accumulated quite a bunch "lose your temper for free" card now!

DOS is also more primitive, simpler, and more UNIX like than Windows. 
And DJGPP is more kernel like than wrapper/call forwarder/translator
like than Cygwin.  It is higher on the Cool scale than Cygwin.  It's
almost the "GNU operating system with the DJGPP kernel".

> > It's the culture.  Groups of Windows developers would sit around bashing
> > Unix.
> 
> But that could well explain it.
> 
> One thing that might help would be better mingw32 support.
> That might encourage people who would otherwise use djgpp
> to use cygwin instead.  But I suppose they still wouldn't
> be likely to contribute to the winsup stuff.
> 
> Someone else also commented that people who use cygwin probably
> run Linux when they can, and so don't get much chance to play
> around with cygwin.  I think that is another very likely explanation.

Historically, UNIX has gathered all the free software writers because it
is accessible and had a free software culture.  DOS and Windows lacks
it.

Here's a challenge: Name as many as you can, any widely spread free
software (in the FSF free speech sense) packages that's originated from
DOS/Windows.  The closest I can come up is an editor called the PFE
(Programmers File Editor) which is a Notepad clone.  But you can't get
the source of it.

The fact that Microsoft "owns" Windows might have something to do with
it.

--
Weiqi Gao
weiqigao@a.crl.com

--
Quote of the day:
  --Which is worse, ignorance or indifference
  --I don't know, and I don't care.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Lam Pui Yuen]

dear all,
sorry for this wrong reply mail.
Regs.

> done !
> 
> On Thu, 25 Feb 1999, Fergus Henderson wrote:
> 
> > On 24-Feb-1999, Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:
> > > On Thu, Feb 25, 1999, Fergus Henderson wrote:
> > > >Yes, but you can write and distribute proprietry applications or even
> > > >proprietry kernel modules for Linux without paying anyone a license fee.
> > > >The same is not true for Cygwin (although it *was* true once, back around
> > > >version b16, when it was called gnu-win32).
> > > 
> > > True, but that is not the point.  I believe this whold thread started
> > > because I lamented the lack of people contributing directly to cygwin
> > > development.
> > 
> > You also asked why.  I believe that licensing may be one of the reasons why.
> > So I don't think my comment is beside the point.  You may disagree with me,
> > but I think we're talking about the same topic.
> > 
> > > The many contributors to the linux kernel do not do so
> > > because it is possible to develop proprietary code for linux.
> > 
> > That may not be their direct motivation, but I do think it is a
> > significant factor.  I think that if it were impossible to develop
> > proprietry code for Linux, then Linux would have a much smaller user
> > base, and there would be far fewer contributors to Linux.
> > 
> > > I don't consider companies who create proprietary kernel modules as
> > > contributing to linux development in any way.
> > 
> > The ability to create proprietry kernel modules is of little importance.
> > The ability to create proprietry applications is of much greater importance.
> > 
> > > Possibly they help indirectly
> > > by getting the word out about linux but that is a secondary and, IMO, very
> > > minor benefit.
> > 
> > I agree that the benefits are indirect and secondary.  However,
> > I don't think they should be ignored.
> > 
> > In addition to getting the word out, companies which develop proprietry
> > applications (or kernel modules) often also help
> > 
> > 	(1) by using Linux, and in the process sometimes reporting
> > 	    and/or fixing bugs in the kernel and/or the various
> > 	    open-source applications that are part of Linux; sometimes
> > 	    they will even add whole new features which are needed for
> > 	    their proprietry application (or module); and
> > 
> > 	(2) by providing software (or drivers) which other people need,
> > 	    and thus encouraging those other people to use Linux,
> > 	    leading to the same benefits as (1).
> > 
> > -- 
> > Fergus Henderson <fjh@cs.mu.oz.au>  |  "Binaries may die
> > WWW: < http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~fjh >  |   but source code lives forever"
> > PGP: finger fjh@128.250.37.3        |     -- leaked Microsoft memo.
> > 
> > --
> > Want to unsubscribe from this list?
> > Send a message to cygwin-unsubscribe@sourceware.cygnus.com
> > 
> > 
> 
> 
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> 


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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Lam Pui Yuen]

done !

On Thu, 25 Feb 1999, Fergus Henderson wrote:

> On 24-Feb-1999, Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:
> > On Thu, Feb 25, 1999, Fergus Henderson wrote:
> > >Yes, but you can write and distribute proprietry applications or even
> > >proprietry kernel modules for Linux without paying anyone a license fee.
> > >The same is not true for Cygwin (although it *was* true once, back around
> > >version b16, when it was called gnu-win32).
> > 
> > True, but that is not the point.  I believe this whold thread started
> > because I lamented the lack of people contributing directly to cygwin
> > development.
> 
> You also asked why.  I believe that licensing may be one of the reasons why.
> So I don't think my comment is beside the point.  You may disagree with me,
> but I think we're talking about the same topic.
> 
> > The many contributors to the linux kernel do not do so
> > because it is possible to develop proprietary code for linux.
> 
> That may not be their direct motivation, but I do think it is a
> significant factor.  I think that if it were impossible to develop
> proprietry code for Linux, then Linux would have a much smaller user
> base, and there would be far fewer contributors to Linux.
> 
> > I don't consider companies who create proprietary kernel modules as
> > contributing to linux development in any way.
> 
> The ability to create proprietry kernel modules is of little importance.
> The ability to create proprietry applications is of much greater importance.
> 
> > Possibly they help indirectly
> > by getting the word out about linux but that is a secondary and, IMO, very
> > minor benefit.
> 
> I agree that the benefits are indirect and secondary.  However,
> I don't think they should be ignored.
> 
> In addition to getting the word out, companies which develop proprietry
> applications (or kernel modules) often also help
> 
> 	(1) by using Linux, and in the process sometimes reporting
> 	    and/or fixing bugs in the kernel and/or the various
> 	    open-source applications that are part of Linux; sometimes
> 	    they will even add whole new features which are needed for
> 	    their proprietry application (or module); and
> 
> 	(2) by providing software (or drivers) which other people need,
> 	    and thus encouraging those other people to use Linux,
> 	    leading to the same benefits as (1).
> 
> -- 
> Fergus Henderson <fjh@cs.mu.oz.au>  |  "Binaries may die
> WWW: < http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~fjh >  |   but source code lives forever"
> PGP: finger fjh@128.250.37.3        |     -- leaked Microsoft memo.
> 
> --
> Want to unsubscribe from this list?
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> 
> 


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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Fergus Henderson]

On 24-Feb-1999, Weiqi Gao <weiqigao@a.crl.com> wrote:
> 
> Windows is too complicated.  It usually takes a sharp individual a long
> time (four years?) to become really proficient in Windows.  And that
> proficiency usually last a very short time (two years).  All of their
> knowledge would have been gained through the continued (and expensive)
> subscription to MSDN.  They usually don't feel compelled to contribute
> to anything.

That doesn't explain why they contribute more to djgpp than to cygwin.

> It's the culture.  Groups of Windows developers would sit around bashing
> Unix.

But that could well explain it.

One thing that might help would be better mingw32 support.
That might encourage people who would otherwise use djgpp
to use cygwin instead.  But I suppose they still wouldn't
be likely to contribute to the winsup stuff.

Someone else also commented that people who use cygwin probably
run Linux when they can, and so don't get much chance to play
around with cygwin.  I think that is another very likely explanation.

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WWW: < http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~fjh >  |   but source code lives forever"
PGP: finger fjh@128.250.37.3        |     -- leaked Microsoft memo.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Fergus Henderson]

On 24-Feb-1999, Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:
> On Thu, Feb 25, 1999, Fergus Henderson wrote:
> >Yes, but you can write and distribute proprietry applications or even
> >proprietry kernel modules for Linux without paying anyone a license fee.
> >The same is not true for Cygwin (although it *was* true once, back around
> >version b16, when it was called gnu-win32).
> 
> True, but that is not the point.  I believe this whold thread started
> because I lamented the lack of people contributing directly to cygwin
> development.

You also asked why.  I believe that licensing may be one of the reasons why.
So I don't think my comment is beside the point.  You may disagree with me,
but I think we're talking about the same topic.

> The many contributors to the linux kernel do not do so
> because it is possible to develop proprietary code for linux.

That may not be their direct motivation, but I do think it is a
significant factor.  I think that if it were impossible to develop
proprietry code for Linux, then Linux would have a much smaller user
base, and there would be far fewer contributors to Linux.

> I don't consider companies who create proprietary kernel modules as
> contributing to linux development in any way.

The ability to create proprietry kernel modules is of little importance.
The ability to create proprietry applications is of much greater importance.

> Possibly they help indirectly
> by getting the word out about linux but that is a secondary and, IMO, very
> minor benefit.

I agree that the benefits are indirect and secondary.  However,
I don't think they should be ignored.

In addition to getting the word out, companies which develop proprietry
applications (or kernel modules) often also help

	(1) by using Linux, and in the process sometimes reporting
	    and/or fixing bugs in the kernel and/or the various
	    open-source applications that are part of Linux; sometimes
	    they will even add whole new features which are needed for
	    their proprietry application (or module); and

	(2) by providing software (or drivers) which other people need,
	    and thus encouraging those other people to use Linux,
	    leading to the same benefits as (1).

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WWW: < http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~fjh >  |   but source code lives forever"
PGP: finger fjh@128.250.37.3        |     -- leaked Microsoft memo.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Weiqi Gao]

Christopher Faylor wrote:
> 
> True, but that is not the point.  I believe this whold thread started
> because I lamented the lack of people contributing directly to cygwin
> development.  The many contributors to the linux kernel do not do so
> because it is possible to develop proprietary code for linux.
> 
> I don't consider companies who create proprietary kernel modules as
> contributing to linux development in any way.  Possibly they help indirectly
> by getting the word out about linux but that is a secondary and, IMO, very
> minor benefit.

Windows is too complicated.  It usually takes a sharp individual a long
time (four years?) to become really proficient in Windows.  And that
proficiency usually last a very short time (two years).  All of their
knowledge would have been gained through the continued (and expensive)
subscription to MSDN.  They usually don't feel compelled to contribute
to anything.

It's the culture.  Groups of Windows developers would sit around bashing
Unix.  An ActiveX DLL is the highest ideal that they can attain. 
Putting the "copy file" animation into every program is their idea of
fun.  Their world evolved around OLE, COM, ActiveX, DirectX, ODBC, DAO,
RDO, ADO, DCOM, MVM.

They would ask: "what's the point of Cygwin?"  And you answer "so that
Cygnus can host GNU tools on NT for embedded programming."  They open up
their MSDN case, thumb through the couple dozen or so CDs inside and
find WindowsCE.  "We have Visual Basic and Windows CE.  And Microsoft
told me that's all I need for embedded programming," they would say.  "I
don't care what you think of me, but as far as I'm concerned, Microsoft
invented the PC in 1980.  They invented GUI and the Mouse in 1989.  They
invented TCP/IP in 1992. And they invented the Internet in 1995."

There's a huge mass of them out there is a fact of life.  The only way
to turn their heads around and even look at something non-Microsofty is
to show them a huge amount of money.  "What's there in it for me?" is
their motto, or they wouldn't have become Windows programmers.

If you don't believe me, look at (or just imagine) the latest CNN/USA
Today poll.

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weiqigao@a.crl.com

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Mumit Khan]

On Wed, 24 Feb 1999, Christopher Faylor wrote:

> Could you be more specific?  What "style of writing programs" are you
> referring to?  Is it just the indentation?  That's surely an extremely
> trivial thing.
> 
> Cygwin is unusual in that it's written in C++ but hopefully that's
> not *too* big a barrier at this time.
> 
> Otherwise, given the vast popularity of GNU tools and the huge number of
> people contributing to them, I'm mystified as to your problems with the
> GNU style of writing software.  There is so much GNU software available
> that one could easily make the case that it is actually the norm.
> 


I personally don't use the GNU coding-style guideline, and I doubt if I
ever will.  I see no reason to second-guess many many years of proven
and (mostly) consistent style, but that hasn't stopped me from sending
in contributions, formatted according to GNU guidelines, to various GNU
packages. BTW, there's still no consensus on GNU style in C++ coding,
but since most GNU packages are written in C, this has not been a big
issue.

There's always Emacs (or indent) to help in the formatting process.

As for C++, Cygwin really doesn't use C++ features other than the most
basic kind. This is actually good for a project like this. I doubt
if that will deter the determined.

Regards,
Mumit



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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[DJ Delorie]

> For a long time, this same model was also used by Larry Wall for perl.

The model is *still* used by djgpp - *all* patches must go through me.
I'm at the moment starting to let a few others apply patches (like
Eli), but getting code into djgpp is much more draconic than cygwin,
since (1) there are more cygwin people who can check in changes, and
(2) I'm much more strict about style and quality in djgpp :)

> If it doesn't then I don't know how to overcome this obstacle.  I
> could give personal assurances that Cygwin will always be free but
> since Cygnus is a business, DJ and I could be booted out tomorrow
> and replaced by some evil software hoarders.

Even if that happens, you could always take the most recent net
release of cygwin and move forward with it.  It is, after all, GPL.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Ken Thompson]

[-- Warning: decoded text below may be mangled, UTF-8 assumed --]
[-- Attachment #1: Type: text/plain, Size: 1163 bytes --]

I wonder if part of the reason that there is a lot more
participation on Linux as opposed to cygwin is that maybe most people who
use cygwin do so because there job requires use of a windows platform but
need the tool set provided by Linux/Unix.  At home on their own
time, they are much more likely to muck around with Linux than
windows/cygwin.  Just a thought.

                                    Ken


Ken
Thompson                            
GTRI/ELSYS/SEN 
(404) 894-7089
(VOICE)              
(404) 596-5995 (PAGER) 
(404) 894-7080
(FAX)                  
ken.thompson@gtri.gatech.edu 
The aspiration toward freedom is the most
essentially human of all human manifestations. 
                    
- Eric Hoffer 


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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Christopher Faylor]

On Wed, Feb 24, 1999 at 10:43:46PM +0200, Paul Sokolovsky wrote:
>      All this makes me wanting to make contributions. What is largely
>disallows me it (besides being nothing but bag of crazy ambitions, of
>course) is pure technological matters: it's too hard to get that
>threshold to make it effectively. Time I need to get it, I can spend
>doing something else, e.g. reenventing it all ;-) And, as I told
>before, that's not Cygwin problem - IMHO, that's GNU problem - their
>style of writing programs is somewhat ... not as in other places %)

Could you be more specific?  What "style of writing programs" are you
referring to?  Is it just the indentation?  That's surely an extremely
trivial thing.

Cygwin is unusual in that it's written in C++ but hopefully that's
not *too* big a barrier at this time.

Otherwise, given the vast popularity of GNU tools and the huge number of
people contributing to them, I'm mystified as to your problems with the
GNU style of writing software.  There is so much GNU software available
that one could easily make the case that it is actually the norm.

cgf

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Christopher Faylor]

On Wed, Feb 24, 1999 at 11:10:20PM +0200, Paul Sokolovsky wrote:
>Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:
>CF> But, of course, maybe none of these observations matter.  We're talking
>CF> about perceptions, here.  It's my contention that if the EGCS project
>CF> had been named 'cyg-gcc' that it probably wouldn't have as large a base
>CF> of contributors.  It's probably the initial 'cyg' which is off putting
>CF> to people as well as the technical barrier of having to know both UNIX
>CF> and Windows code.
>
>    By the way, if you haven't answered that yet, changing name from
>gnu-win32 to cygwin has your motivation or FSF's?

I wasn't around for all of the naming decisions but I think that the
decision was entirely Cygnus's.  Maybe if Geoff is still reading the
list he can elaborate.  It would be interesting to see if contributions
slacked off after the original name change.

We have kicked around other names from time to time but, personally,
given the amount of trouble caused by the transition from cygwin32 ->
cygwin, I don't think I want to change the product name again soon.

In case it wasn't obvious, the 32 was dropped from cygwin32 to avoid
potential trademark infringement with some company whose name currently
escapes me.

cgf

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Christopher Faylor]

On Wed, Feb 24, 1999 at 09:59:16AM -0500, Steve Morris wrote:
>Christopher Faylor writes:
> > It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
> > has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".
> > 
> > The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
> > the Linux project and *many* companies make money from Linux.
>
>Actually I think you've hit on a major issue. Even though Cygnus makes
>cygwin available as sourceware it is obviously a Cygnus
>product. Cygnus controls the feature set. Design decisions are made by
>Cygnus. People can contribute but Cygnus is the final arbiter on
>design decisions and even code style.

This is very similar to the way Linux was developed except that in the
Linux case Linus Torvalds was the final arbiter.  In the Cygnus case
the final arbiter was first Steve Chamberlain, then Geoffrey Noer, and
now me.  There's still one person involved in decisions but input from
external developers is both solicited and appreciated.

>With gcc it is different. Cygnus is the official maintainer but the
>perception is that Cygnus acts more as a custodian for FSF and the
>free software community. FSF owns the copyright. Redhat is another
>example. Redhat doesn't own Linux. RPM is the only significant thing
>that RedHat copyrights and even that makes people nervous.

Of course, gcc wasn't initially developed by Cygnus either.  One of the
reasons behind the formation of EGCS was that there were a number of
contributors besides Cygnus who felt that they weren't able to contribute
to GNU's gcc project.  This is entirely a different situation from Cygwin.

Although RedHat doesn't own Linux, it obviously does make money from its
sale.  This means that if you contribute some nifty code to Linux you
also might benefit RedHat.  I don't see how the ownership issue matters
here.  Somebody is still making money from your work whether it's Cygnus
or RedHat.

>On the other hand Cygwin is obviously branded. Even the mailing list
>is controlled by Cygnus. The developers mailing list access is
>restricted by Cygnus engineers. The official Cygwin web page is
>controlled by Cygnus. The bug list is an internal Cygnus system.

All this is true of EGCS, too, isn't it?

The developers mailing list is supposed to be open only to people who
are willing to contribute to the development of cygwin.  If the rest of
the (developers) mailing list thinks that that is too restrictive a goal
then I'd be happy to open it up.  We have maintained cygwin-developers
as a closed list to try to limit discussions to actual development
issues.

>Psychologically it doesn't make me feel like I would count as much as
>a Cygnus engineer if I contributed. Helping Cygnus with their free
>software product doesn't have the same cachet as helping Linus Torvald
>with his. Linus stands first among equals partners. How can I feel
>like an equal partner to a company?

Have you actually read the linux-dev-kernel?  I don't think that
net contributors would rank Linus "first among equal partners".  Linus
is a semi-benign despot.  He accepts patches from people but he always
has the right of refusing patches and he does reject patches often.

Patches from people like Alan Cox or David Miller or Stephen Tweedie are
likely to be given the "fast track" into the main development kernel.
Patches from you or me are likely to be ignored unless we can really
prove our technical competence.

For a long time, this same model was also used by Larry Wall for perl.
In fact, it didn't really break down until Larry suffered health
problems.  Now perl has a number of people contributing code to
an volunteer maintainer who acts as an arbiter of what gets in and what
doesn't.  But in case of deadlock, Larry's word always trumps everyone.

I think that this model is actually what makes these packages a
success.  They have one person at the top with a clear vision of where the
product is supposed to be going and what it is supposed to be doing.

This is what we're trying to do with Cygwin too, with, so far, limited
success.  Cygwin does have it's contributors and I'm *very* grateful for
the time that they've put into making it better.  Some of the major
Cygwin subsystems have, in fact, been contributed by people who managed
to get beyond this "company" barrier.  Or maybe it never occurred to them.

>I guess the issue is not companies making money on free software.
>Instead the issue is companies being perceived as controlling the
>software development.

Well, if that is your feeling, I can't dispute it.  If I understand what
you're saying correctly, your philosophy for Cygwin is that you will use
it and hope that it improves from release to release but, if it doesn't,
the barrier of a company judging and profiting by your code submissions
is too high for you to consider attempting any improvements yourself.

>Tcl is entering the same delicate state. With Ousterhout starting
>Scriptics which is now the official distributor of the release people
>are beginning to get nervous. The question always hovers "will
>Scriptics pull Tcl in and make it a commercial product?" TclPro is
>$1000 a seat. What if new development or the good extensions only
>appear in TclPro? Nobody begrudges Ousterhout's right to make money on
>his major contribution but still there is anxiety.

I don't know anything about Scriptics' philosophy of business but I hope
that most people on the net know that Cygnus has been dedicated to the
concept of free software for a long time.  Hopefully that stands for
something.

If it doesn't then I don't know how to overcome this obstacle.  I could
give personal assurances that Cygwin will always be free but since
Cygnus is a business, DJ and I could be booted out tomorrow and replaced
by some evil software hoarders.  It's not a likely scenario (at least
the evil software hoarder part) but there is no guarantee that anyone
can give that means anything.

But, of course, maybe none of these observations matter.  We're talking
about perceptions, here.  It's my contention that if the EGCS project
had been named 'cyg-gcc' that it probably wouldn't have as large a base
of contributors.  It's probably the initial 'cyg' which is off putting
to people as well as the technical barrier of having to know both UNIX
and Windows code.

cgf

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Steve Morris]

Christopher Faylor writes:
 > It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
 > has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".
 > 
 > The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
 > the linux project and *many* companies make money from linux.

Actually I think you've hit on a major issue. Even though Cygnus makes
cygwin available as sourceware it is obviously a Cygnus
product. Cygnus controls the feature set. Design decisions are made by
Cygnus. People can contribute but Cygnus is the final arbitor on
design decisions and even code style.

With gcc it is different. Cygnus is the official maintainer but the
perception is that Cygnus acts more as a custodian for FSF and the
free software community. FSF owns the copyright. Redhat is another
example. Redhat doesn't own Linux. RPM is the only significant thing
that RedHat copyrights and even that makes people nervous.

On the other hand Cygwin is obviously branded. Even the mailing list
is controlled by Cygnus. The developers mailing list access is
restricted by Cygnus engineers. The official Cygwin web page is
controlled by Cygnus. The bug list is an internal Cygnus system.

Psychologically it doesn't make me feel like I would count as much as
a Cygnus engineer if I contributed. Helping Cygnus with their free
software product doesn't have the same cachet as helping Linus Torvald
with his. Linus stands first among equals partners. How can I feel
like an equal partner to a company?

I guess the issue is not companies making money on free
software. Instead the issue is companies being perceived as
controlling the software development.

Tcl is entering the same delicate state. With Ousterhout starting
Scriptics which is now the official distributor of the release people
are beginning to get nervous. The question always hovers "will
Scriptics pull Tcl in and make it a commercial product?" TclPro is
$1000 a seat. What if new development or the good extensions only
appear in TclPro? Nobody begrudges Ousterhout's right to make money on
his major contribution but still there is anxiety.

I don't envy Cygnus as it tries to walk this tightrope.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Carl Zmola]

> 
> When was this?  There has been a button on the main site for some time.
> I can't say for sure, but I believe that if you were having problems
> accessing the cygwin page it must have been an oversight by our
> webmaster.

Oh 2 years maybe? A long time ago.  

> Yup.  It's likely many people Cygwin == Cygnus.

For better or for worse. 
 

Carl 
zmola@campbellsci.com

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Christopher Faylor]

On Wed, Feb 24, 1999 at 11:35:42AM +0000, Carl Zmola wrote:
>Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:
>
>> On Mon, Feb 22, 1999 at 11:30:59AM +0000, Carl Zmola wrote:
>> >
>> >In the past the main reason I didn't even investigate contributing is :
>> >Because of the feeling that contributions are unwanted, and that someone
>> >else is making money of of my work.
>> >
>> >After a little investigation, I found that these wern't valid concerns, but
>> >they are a first line of resistance.  
>> 
>> It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
>> has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".
>
>Quite possibly. Also in the past, if you went to the cygnus web site, you couldn't
>get to the 'free' cygwin tools.  That left a bad taste in my mouth.

When was this?  There has been a button on the main site for some time.
I can't say for sure, but I believe that if you were having problems
accessing the cygwin page it must have been an oversight by our
webmaster.

>> The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
>> the linux project and *many* companies make money from linux.
>
>That is quite true.  The name could be part of the problem, but I do know
>who cygnus is because of the name.

Yup.  It's likely many people Cygwin == Cygnus.

cgf

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Carl Zmola]

Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:

> On Mon, Feb 22, 1999 at 11:30:59AM +0000, Carl Zmola wrote:
> >
> >In the past the main reason I didn't even investigate contributing is :
> >Because of the feeling that contributions are unwanted, and that someone
> >else is making money of of my work.
> >
> >After a little investigation, I found that these wern't valid concerns, but
> >they are a first line of resistance.  
> 
> It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
> has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".

Quite possibly. Also in the past, if you went to the cygnus web site, you couldn't
get to the 'free' cygwin tools.  That left a bad taste in my mouth.

> The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
> the linux project and *many* companies make money from linux.

That is quite true.  The name could be part of the problem, but I do know
who cygnus is because of the name.

 

Carl 
zmola@campbellsci.com

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Christopher Faylor]

On Thu, Feb 25, 1999 at 12:51:48AM +1100, Fergus Henderson wrote:
>On 23-Feb-1999, Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:
>> On Mon, Feb 22, 1999, Carl Zmola wrote:
>> >
>> >The fact that a company is in charge of 
>> >coordinating the efforts has an effect.
>> >
>> >In the past the main reason I didn't even investigate contributing is :
>> >Because of the feeling that contributions are unwanted, and that someone
>> >else is making money of of my work.
>> >
>> >After a little investigation, I found that these wern't valid concerns, but
>> >they are a first line of resistance.  
>> 
>> It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
>> has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".
>> 
>> The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
>> the linux project and *many* companies make money from linux.
>
>Yes, but you can write and distribute proprietry applications or even
>proprietry kernel modules for Linux without paying anyone a license fee.
>The same is not true for Cygwin (although it *was* true once, back around
>version b16, when it was called gnu-win32).

True, but that is not the point.  I believe this whold thread started
because I lamented the lack of people contributing directly to cygwin
development.  The many contributors to the linux kernel do not do so
because it is possible to develop proprietary code for linux.

I don't consider companies who create proprietary kernel modules as
contributing to linux development in any way.  Possibly they help indirectly
by getting the word out about linux but that is a secondary and, IMO, very
minor benefit.

cf

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Fergus Henderson]

On 23-Feb-1999, Christopher Faylor <cgf@cygnus.com> wrote:
> On Mon, Feb 22, 1999, Carl Zmola wrote:
> >
> >The fact that a company is in charge of 
> >coordinating the efforts has an effect.
> >
> >In the past the main reason I didn't even investigate contributing is :
> >Because of the feeling that contributions are unwanted, and that someone
> >else is making money of of my work.
> >
> >After a little investigation, I found that these wern't valid concerns, but
> >they are a first line of resistance.  
> 
> It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
> has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".
> 
> The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
> the linux project and *many* companies make money from linux.

Yes, but you can write and distribute proprietry applications or even
proprietry kernel modules for Linux without paying anyone a license fee.
The same is not true for Cygwin (although it *was* true once, back around
version b16, when it was called gnu-win32).

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WWW: < http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~fjh >  |   but source code lives forever"
PGP: finger fjh@128.250.37.3        |     -- leaked Microsoft memo.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Christopher Faylor]

On Mon, Feb 22, 1999 at 11:30:59AM +0000, Carl Zmola wrote:
>
>> DJGPP has a much higher threshold (it's much more complicated), but
>> there are far more people contributing to djgpp than to cygwin.  If
>> anyone can figure out *why*, let us know! ;-) I think it's social -
>> djgpp contributors just know that they'll get a friendly reception to
>> their contributions, good or bad, so they aren't as hesitant to send
>> stuff in.
>
>That could be part of it.  The fact that a company is in charge of 
>coordinating the efforts has an effect.
>
>In the past the main reason I didn't even investigate contributing is :
>Because of the feeling that contributions are unwanted, and that someone
>else is making money of of my work.
>
>After a little investigation, I found that these wern't valid concerns, but
>they are a first line of resistance.  

It is interesting that you felt this way at first.  I wonder if the reason
has anything to do with the name "Cygwin" which sounds so similar to "Cygnus".

The reason I am saying this is because hundreds of people have contributed to
the linux project and *many* companies make money from linux.

cgf

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Tom St Denis]

I agree, at first I was hesitant to try it, cause I thought it was
copyrighted, or whatever.... Anyways, I am not a big software
developer, but I thought I would give it a try.

Thanks to all who have contributed.  If I ever have the time,
patience, and enough know-how I will contrib something.  But I  doubt
that will happen any time soon.

Tom
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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Suhaib M. Siddiqi]

>
>> Their product does not depend on Cygwin, but it does provide
>> switches to use Cygwin headers and libraries for porting purposes.
>> The fact is they got a commercial F77 and F90 which can use Cygwin
>> headers and libraries, makes it a really attractive product.
>
>In that case, it still acts to mkae cygwin more popular, which
>hopefully means that more people will use it in general, etc.
>

Absolutely true.  I guess PGi is the only product right now which offers
a
Cygwin compability, with F77/F90 and HPF for single and multiprocessors
machines.

That was the reason i decided to go for it.  To be honest G77 still lags
behind a normal F77 compiler.


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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[DJ Delorie]

> That could be part of it.  The fact that a company is in charge of 
> coordinating the efforts has an effect.

What effect?  I would think that having a company back a project would
be *good*, since they have more to lose if it fails.

> In the past the main reason I didn't even investigate contributing
> is : Because of the feeling that contributions are unwanted, and
> that someone else is making money of of my work.
>
> After a little investigation, I found that these wern't valid
> concerns, but they are a first line of resistance.

How did you get these impressions?  If there is a way for us to make
sure people get the right impressions up front, perhaps that would
save people a bit of grief.

However, let's get one thing straight: Cygnus *is* making money off
your work, at least indirectly.  However, in return we're giving a lot
of technology and effort (in the form of cygwin, since we do most of
the work on it) back to the community (you).  I'd like to think this
is a fair exchange.  Do you think this is a fair exchange?

As for contributions, we definitely want them, but keep in mind that
it's our responsibility to the cygwin community (you), as the "keepers
of cygwin", to ensure that anything added to cygwin doesn't make it
worse.  The preferred method of dealing with these types of
contributions is to work with the author until they meet our
standards, rather than simply rejecting it.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[DJ Delorie]

> What about third party products. For example PGI Workstation comes
> bundle with Cygwin.  Who gets the *paid support* in that case?

In cases where companies write software that depends on cygwin, such
as the example you give, the potential customer for Cygnus would be
that company, for two reasons: (1) they would need a commercial
license for cygwin, and (2) they would want a support contract to make
sure the cygwin they include in their product doesn't make their
product look bad by having bugs.

It would be unrealistic to expect each individual user of that
software to come to Cygnus for support.  More likely, they'd go to the
package producer, who may have solutions specific to their
software/cygwin bundling, such as a custom-fixed dll.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Fergus Henderson]

> DJGPP has a much higher threshold (it's much more complicated), but
> there are far more people contributing to djgpp than to cygwin.  If
> anyone can figure out *why*, let us know! ;-) I think it's social -
> djgpp contributors just know that they'll get a friendly reception to
> their contributions, good or bad, so they aren't as hesitant to send
> stuff in.

I think the licensing may well have something to do with it.
DJGPP is licensed under a quite liberal license.
Cygwin, on the other hand, is only licensed under the GPL
or for a fee.  For libraries, the GPL is quite restrictive.

-- 
Fergus Henderson <fjh@cs.mu.oz.au>  |  "Binaries may die
WWW: < http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/~fjh >  |   but source code lives forever"
PGP: finger fjh@128.250.37.3        |     -- leaked Microsoft memo.

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Carl Zmola]

> DJGPP has a much higher threshold (it's much more complicated), but
> there are far more people contributing to djgpp than to cygwin.  If
> anyone can figure out *why*, let us know! ;-) I think it's social -
> djgpp contributors just know that they'll get a friendly reception to
> their contributions, good or bad, so they aren't as hesitant to send
> stuff in.

That could be part of it.  The fact that a company is in charge of 
coordinating the efforts has an effect.

In the past the main reason I didn't even investigate contributing is :
Because of the feeling that contributions are unwanted, and that someone
else is making money of of my work.

After a little investigation, I found that these wern't valid concerns, but
they are a first line of resistance.  

Carl 
zmola@campbellsci.com

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Re: Cygwin participation threshold

[Suhaib M. Siddiqi]

>
>> Hopefully, that's what you wanted - to give people a nice tool,
>
>I think it would be more accurate to replace "give" with "share with".
>
>As a bit of history, Cygnus had a purely business reason to create
>cygwin.  Doing so let us host our tools on 95/NT platforms, which
>meant more customers (i.e. more money).  AFAIK, releasing cygwin to
>the net had two reasons: the first philosophical, in that we like to
>share; and the second practical, in that the more people using cygwin
>the more paid support contracts we'll get.


What about third party products. For example PGI Workstation comes
bundle with
Cygwin. It uses better commercial compilers and one has a choice to use
GCC/G77
or PGCC/PG77/PGF90 etc.  Who gets the *paid support* in that case?
I am just a bit curious!

Regards
Suhaib




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Cygwin participation threshold

[DJ Delorie]

> Hopefully, that's what you wanted - to give people a nice tool,

I think it would be more accurate to replace "give" with "share with".

As a bit of history, Cygnus had a purely business reason to create
cygwin.  Doing so let us host our tools on 95/NT platforms, which
meant more customers (i.e. more money).  AFAIK, releasing cygwin to
the net had two reasons: the first philosophical, in that we like to
share; and the second practical, in that the more people using cygwin
the more paid support contracts we'll get.

>     But when someone wants to fix or add something to cygwin, here
> comes another problem - it's high enough threshold to be able to do
> so. Even higher threshold to make it acceptable for inclusion back.

DJGPP has a much higher threshold (it's much more complicated), but
there are far more people contributing to djgpp than to cygwin.  If
anyone can figure out *why*, let us know! ;-) I think it's social -
djgpp contributors just know that they'll get a friendly reception to
their contributions, good or bad, so they aren't as hesitant to send
stuff in.

> By this I mean whole technology issues - not Cygwin technology, I
> call it GNU technology - configuration/setup methods, coding styles
> (not just mere conventions for identifier naming / block
> indentation, but modularization conventions, from source modules
> thru libs to executables, etc.) And all that are obstacles to
> contributing.

Even so, I'd rather people contribute what they can instead of just
sulking off in a corner and getting nowhere.  We're not going to laugh
at you for bad style (I hope).  More likely, we'll explain how to
change what you've got to work better with what we've got (it's called
"learning").  Cooperation is a two-way street!  If you're willing to
do *anything*, we'll probably meet you half-way.

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