From mboxrd@z Thu Jan 1 00:00:00 1970 Return-Path: Received: from mail-vk1-xa32.google.com (mail-vk1-xa32.google.com [IPv6:2607:f8b0:4864:20::a32]) by sourceware.org (Postfix) with ESMTPS id BB11A3858D28 for ; Sun, 10 Oct 2021 15:17:53 +0000 (GMT) DMARC-Filter: OpenDMARC Filter v1.4.1 sourceware.org BB11A3858D28 Received: by mail-vk1-xa32.google.com with SMTP id bb12so4346710vkb.5 for ; Sun, 10 Oct 2021 08:17:53 -0700 (PDT) X-Google-DKIM-Signature: v=1; a=rsa-sha256; c=relaxed/relaxed; d=1e100.net; s=20210112; h=x-gm-message-state:mime-version:from:date:message-id:subject:to; bh=24fAAgmKzGRAyThW5brTgLOhbRU5H8z43y+SlQTvDvg=; b=0WmBJxxgy4vPLO6RuBwTYjKlopvrAlgWjhlwpg6I7pfHCUrIuSV1v8MY4seuzjAdqR JGpKkJsprTgNdjziUQIfKUSStjVAaia4U10GwbU/ENf8qJ02e4/aKuxoxja4raCyO0l+ Xgps+uSmoeVwoitWP/pjVsUpTtscanmHoGdf4EianMxKxXCvM0mZUXCKytRfmODtFdky JWFgQSKMEaYevVgy1nHIolph5BvIymOVozG4M0Uu/o3cEr98BrzcHbFTCfkIeTRWzuvn HFzM2tOMjKh4uoSbhtdMKU3cklqGtwW5k9ELo3IzJmNOc3VayJXG7wqFPsYCJDBnrNfn 3nqA== X-Gm-Message-State: AOAM531e/TiYGZ4uBk5KdM1BVs/daXlMrMbJj4gNQfFkX3Ky//rsvvS7 fFxVVMCxbb/b3TFoevo+aHvy48fP4HtPW4ABTdPTvjyyzNI= X-Google-Smtp-Source: ABdhPJwDrYpzu44AO3RlLRFwLwlhv92x7xfo5213tHQFQEVcvhinMRihPj/wFWmuMkmXcpf7zbsJLs53kQVzChoSu/0= X-Received: by 2002:a1f:da02:: with SMTP id r2mr17404865vkg.4.1633879073137; Sun, 10 Oct 2021 08:17:53 -0700 (PDT) MIME-Version: 1.0 From: Ronaldo Luiz Alonso Date: Sun, 10 Oct 2021 11:17:41 -0400 Message-ID: Subject: ld linker with option -m elf_i386 stopped working in new version of cygwin. To: cygwin@cygwin.com X-Spam-Status: No, score=0.4 required=5.0 tests=BAYES_20, DKIM_SIGNED, DKIM_VALID, DKIM_VALID_AU, DKIM_VALID_EF, FREEMAIL_FROM, HTML_MESSAGE, RCVD_IN_DNSWL_NONE, SPF_HELO_NONE, SPF_PASS, TXREP autolearn=ham autolearn_force=no version=3.4.4 X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.4.4 (2020-01-24) on server2.sourceware.org Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" X-Content-Filtered-By: Mailman/MimeDel 2.1.29 X-BeenThere: cygwin@cygwin.com X-Mailman-Version: 2.1.29 Precedence: list List-Id: General Cygwin discussions and problem reports List-Unsubscribe: , List-Archive: List-Post: List-Help: List-Subscribe: , X-List-Received-Date: Sun, 10 Oct 2021 15:17:55 -0000 Hello everybody! I am a professor teaching operational system and using a tutorial in french by michelizza: https://michelizza.developpez.com/realiser-son-propre-systeme/ In order to build the system and debug it in bochs I use the following Makefile: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ OBJ=kernel CC=gcc -Wall *-m32* -g all: $(OBJ) kernel: kernel.o screen.o lib.o gdt.o idt.o interrupt.o int.o pic.o syscalls.o mm.o printk.o process.o schedule.o sched.o * ld --oformat binary -m elf_i386 -Ttext 1000 $^ -o $@* int.o: int.asm nasm -f elf -o $@ $^ sched.o: sched.asm nasm -f elf -o $@ $^ .o: .c $(CC) -c $^ clean: rm -f $(OBJ) *.o ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note that the system is compiled using -m 32 (system is for machines with 32 bits) bits and the linker uses elf_i386 multiboot format. This was working fine few weeks later, but when I run setup again to update cygwin it stops working and ld complains that* this emulation mode is no longer supported! * The system now only links and builds PE windows executables! The question is: *how can I get and build an older version of ld source, so that this works again in cygwin ?* *Is it possible?* *or should I give up developping this kernel using windows and cygwin and turn back to Linux?* Thanks in advance. Ronaldo Alonso - Computer Engeneer and professor Federal University of Mato Grosso Brazil.