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If you want to test this, create a file /var/lib/rebase/userpath.d/ with one line, which is the absolute path to ~/.emacs.d/eln-cache. For example, on my system I have: $ cat /var/lib/rebase/userpath.d/kbrown /home/kbrown/.emacs.d/eln-cache If more than one user will be using Emacs on your system, create a file like this for each user. Here is a brief explanation of native compilation: Many of the editing commands used in Emacs are defined in elisp libraries (*.el files). To make Emacs run faster, these libraries are usually compiled to architecture-independent *.elc files, containing "byte-code" representations of the functions in the original files. These byte-code functions are interpreted by the Emacs "byte-code interpreter" when they are called. Native compilation takes this one step further by using gcc to compile the elisp libraries to native shared libraries (like DLLs, but with an extension .eln instead of .dll). This results in a substantial speed-up of Emacs. Some of the .eln files are created at build time. These are installed in a subdirectory of /usr/lib/emacs//native-lisp. Others are created as needed and are stored by default in a subdirectory of ~/.emacs.d/eln-cache. (You can change this default, but then you also have to make the corresponding change to /var/lib/rebase/userpath.d/.) The first few times you run Emacs, it might seem slow to start. This is because it is compiling the elisp libraries that are needed for your init file (usually .emacs). For the same reason, you might see occasional pauses the first time you use a command. But otherwise you should see a noticeable speed-up of Emacs. To prevent fork failures, the .eln files need to be rebased occasionally, for the reasons explained here: https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/highlights.html#ov-hi-process-problems This is handled by autorebase every time you run setup (which you should do with no Cygwin processes running). But it is not currently done when new .eln files are created. If you ever see a fork failure whose error message refers to a .eln file, you should be able to fix it temporarily by exiting emacs and running the script /usr/bin/emacs_ephemeral_rebase.sh which rebases the .eln files in ~/.emacs.d/eln-cache. Alternatively, stop all Cygwin processes and run setup. I don't expect this to happen often, but please make a bug report to the mailing list if it does happen. I'd also like to get feedback from people who try the test release for a month or so and don't have any rebase problems. Ken