Thanks for the responses. The uname output was already in my attachment. I executed cat as /usr/bin/cat.exe. Cygcheck cat is also in my original attachment. I attached the cygcheck -svr. The other Cygwin installations referenced are from my debugging and are not active. The missing Perl files are erroneous because I'm still on 5.22.4. The only "new" file is usr/share/doc/groff/examples/mom/elvis_syntax.new. $ stat /usr/bin/cat.exe File: /usr/bin/cat.exe Size: 34323 Blocks: 36 IO Block: 65536 regular file Device: 642be7bah/1680598970d Inode: 3659174697303481 Links: 1 Access: (0755/-rwxr-xr-x) Uid: (197610/ wagnerc) Gid: (197121/ None) Access: 2019-03-26 19:19:34.495208400 -0400 Modify: 2017-02-03 14:40:48.000000000 -0500 Change: 2019-03-26 19:19:34.495208400 -0400 Birth: 2019-03-26 19:19:34.495208400 -0400 $ file /usr/bin/cat.exe /usr/bin/cat.exe: PE32+ executable (console) x86-64, for MS Windows I have one postinstall error that is due to cat not working. 2019/03/26 19:19:46 running: C:\cygwin64\bin\bash.exe --norc --noprofile "/etc/postinstall/crypto-policies.sh" Couldn't read current profile 2019/03/26 19:19:46 abnormal exit: exit code=1 Here is a comparison of cygcheck cat and tac. $ cygcheck -v cat Found: C:\cygwin64\bin\cat.exe Found: C:\cygwin64\bin\cat.exe C:\cygwin64\bin\cat.exe - os=4.0 img=0.0 sys=5.2 C:\cygwin64\bin\cygwin1.dll - os=4.0 img=0.0 sys=5.2 "cygwin1.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-03-16 10:50 C:\Windows\system32\KERNEL32.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "KERNEL32.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 02:36 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-RtlSupport-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-RtlSupport-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-RtlSupport-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-RtlSupport-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "ntdll.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:58 C:\Windows\system32\KERNELBASE.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "KERNELBASE.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 02:34 C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll (already done) Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessThreads-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessThreads-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessThreads-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessThreads-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Heap-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-Heap-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Heap-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Heap-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Memory-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-Memory-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Memory-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Memory-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Handle-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-Handle-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Handle-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Handle-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Synch-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-Synch-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Synch-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Synch-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-File-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-File-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-File-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-File-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-IO-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-IO-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-ThreadPool-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-ThreadPool-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-LibraryLoader-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-LibraryLoader-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-LibraryLoader-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-LibraryLoader-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-NamedPipe-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-NamedPipe-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-NamedPipe-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-NamedPipe-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Misc-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Misc-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-SysInfo-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-SysInfo-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-SysInfo-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-SysInfo-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Localization-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Localization-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessEnvironment-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessEnvironment-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessEnvironment-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessEnvironment-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-String-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-String-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-String-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-String-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Debug-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-Debug-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Debug-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Debug-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-ErrorHandling-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-ErrorHandling-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-ErrorHandling-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-ErrorHandling-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Fibers-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Fibers-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Util-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-Util-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Util-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Util-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Profile-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-Profile-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Profile-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Profile-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Security-Base-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Security-Base-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll (already done) C:\cygwin64\bin\cygintl-8.dll - os=4.0 img=0.0 sys=5.2 "cygintl-8.dll" v0.0 ts=2016-10-23 07:17 C:\cygwin64\bin\cygwin1.dll (already done) C:\cygwin64\bin\cygiconv-2.dll - os=4.0 img=0.0 sys=5.2 "cygiconv-2.dll" v0.0 ts=2015-02-20 17:07 C:\cygwin64\bin\cygwin1.dll (already done) C:\Windows\system32\KERNEL32.dll (already done) C:\Windows\system32\KERNEL32.dll (already done) C:\Windows\system32\KERNEL32.dll (already done) wagnerc@applejack / $ cygcheck -v tac Found: C:\cygwin64\bin\tac.exe Found: C:\cygwin64\bin\tac.exe C:\cygwin64\bin\tac.exe - os=4.0 img=0.0 sys=5.2 C:\cygwin64\bin\cygwin1.dll - os=4.0 img=0.0 sys=5.2 "cygwin1.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-03-16 10:50 C:\Windows\system32\KERNEL32.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "KERNEL32.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 02:36 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-RtlSupport-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-RtlSupport-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-RtlSupport-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-RtlSupport-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "ntdll.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:58 C:\Windows\system32\KERNELBASE.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "KERNELBASE.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 02:34 C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll (already done) Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessThreads-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessThreads-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessThreads-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessThreads-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Heap-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-Heap-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Heap-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Heap-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Memory-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-Memory-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Memory-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Memory-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Handle-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-Handle-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Handle-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Handle-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Synch-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-Synch-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Synch-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Synch-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-File-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-File-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-File-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-File-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-IO-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-IO-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-ThreadPool-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-ThreadPool-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-LibraryLoader-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-LibraryLoader-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-LibraryLoader-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-LibraryLoader-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-NamedPipe-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-NamedPipe-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-NamedPipe-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-NamedPipe-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Misc-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Misc-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-SysInfo-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-SysInfo-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-SysInfo-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-SysInfo-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Localization-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Localization-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessEnvironment-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessEnvironment-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessEnvironment-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-ProcessEnvironment-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-String-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-String-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-String-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-String-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Debug-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-Debug-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Debug-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Debug-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-ErrorHandling-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-ErrorHandling-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-ErrorHandling-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-ErrorHandling-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Fibers-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Fibers-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:54 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Util-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-Util-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Util-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Util-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 Warning: C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Profile-L1-1-0.dll hides C:\Program Files\TortoiseSVN\bin\API-MS-Win-Core-Profile-L1-1-0.dll C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Core-Profile-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Core-Profile-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 C:\Windows\system32\API-MS-Win-Security-Base-L1-1-0.dll - os=6.1 img=6.1 sys=6.1 "API-MS-Win-Security-Base-L1-1-0.dll" v0.0 ts=2019-01-09 01:55 C:\Windows\system32\ntdll.dll (already done) C:\cygwin64\bin\cygintl-8.dll - os=4.0 img=0.0 sys=5.2 "cygintl-8.dll" v0.0 ts=2016-10-23 07:17 C:\cygwin64\bin\cygwin1.dll (already done) C:\cygwin64\bin\cygiconv-2.dll - os=4.0 img=0.0 sys=5.2 "cygiconv-2.dll" v0.0 ts=2015-02-20 17:07 C:\cygwin64\bin\cygwin1.dll (already done) C:\Windows\system32\KERNEL32.dll (already done) C:\Windows\system32\KERNEL32.dll (already done) C:\Windows\system32\KERNEL32.dll (already done) Thanks.