[gcc/devel/rust/master] builtin-macros: Add more documentation for defining builtins

[Thomas Schwinge <tschwinge@gcc.gnu.org>]

https://gcc.gnu.org/g:c62e9eb5ee3be6e321a1bf725cbc797ba7fda593

commit c62e9eb5ee3be6e321a1bf725cbc797ba7fda593
Author: Arthur Cohen <arthur.cohen@embecosm.com>
Date:   Fri Mar 11 14:19:56 2022 +0100

    builtin-macros: Add more documentation for defining builtins

Diff:
---
 gcc/rust/expand/rust-macro-builtins.h | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+)

diff --git a/gcc/rust/expand/rust-macro-builtins.h b/gcc/rust/expand/rust-macro-builtins.h
index ee42fe1dcc6..37923cfc819 100644
--- a/gcc/rust/expand/rust-macro-builtins.h
+++ b/gcc/rust/expand/rust-macro-builtins.h
@@ -22,6 +22,43 @@
 #include "rust-ast.h"
 #include "rust-location.h"
 
+/**
+ * This class provides a list of builtin macros implemented by the compiler.
+ * The functions defined are called "builtin transcribers" in that they replace
+ * the transcribing part of a macro definition.
+ *
+ * Like regular macro transcribers, they are responsible for building and
+ * returning an AST fragment: basically a vector of AST nodes put together.
+ *
+ * Unlike regular declarative macros where each match arm has its own associated
+ * transcriber, builtin transcribers are responsible for handling all match arms
+ * of the macro. This means that you should take extra care when implementing a
+ * builtin containing multiple match arms: You will probably need to do some
+ * lookahead in order to determine which match arm the user intended to use.
+ *
+ * An example of this is the `assert!()` macro:
+ *
+ * ```
+ *  macro_rules! assert {
+ *	($cond:expr $(,)?) => {{ ... }};
+ *	($cond : expr, $ ($arg : tt) +) = > {{ ... }};
+ * }
+ * ```
+ *
+ * If more tokens exist beyond the optional comma, they need to be handled as
+ * a token-tree for a custom panic message.
+ *
+ * These builtin macros with empty transcribers are defined in the standard
+ * library. They are marked with a special attribute, `#[rustc_builtin_macro]`.
+ * When this attribute is present on a macro definition, the compiler should
+ * look for an associated transcriber in the mappings. Meaning that you must
+ * remember to insert your transcriber in the `builtin_macros` map of the
+ *`Mappings`.
+ *
+ * This map is built as a static variable in the `insert_macro_def()` method
+ * of the `Mappings` class.
+ */
+
 namespace Rust {
 class MacroBuiltin
 {