[x86 PATCH take #2] Add peephole2 to reduce double word register shuffling

["Roger Sayle" <roger@nextmovesoftware.com>]

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This is a resubmission of my patch from June to fix some forms of
inefficient
register allocation using an additional peephole2 in i386.md.
https://gcc.gnu.org/pipermail/gcc-patches/2022-June/596064.html

Since the original, a number of supporting patches/improvements have
been reviewed and approved, making this peephole even more effective.
Hence for the simple function:
__int128 foo(__int128 x, __int128 y) { return x+y; }

mainline GCC on x86_64 with -O2 currently generates:
        movq    %rsi, %rax
        movq    %rdi, %r8
        movq    %rax, %rdi
        movq    %rdx, %rax
        movq    %rcx, %rdx
        addq    %r8, %rax
        adcq    %rdi, %rdx
        ret

with this patch we now generate (a three insn improvement):
        movq    %rdx, %rax
        movq    %rcx, %rdx
        addq    %rdi, %rax
        adcq    %rsi, %rdx
        ret

Back in June the review of the original patch stalled, as peephole2
isn't the ideal place to fix this (with which I fully agree), and this patch
is really just a workaround for a deeper deficiency in reload/lra.
To address this I've now filed a new enhancement PR in Bugzilla,
PR rtl-optimization/106518, that describes that underlying issue,
which might make an interesting (GSoC) project for anyone brave
(fool hardy) enough to tweak GCC's register allocation.

By comparison, this single peephole can't adversely affect other targets,
and should the happy day come that it's no longer required, at worst
would just become a harmless legacy transform that no longer triggers.

I'm also investigating Uros' suggestion that it may be possible for RTL
expansion to do a better job expanding the function prologue, but
ultimately the hard register placement constraints are fixed by the
target ABI, and poor allocation/assignment of hard registers is the
responsibility/fault of the register allocation passes.
But it may still be possible to reduce register pressure, but avoiding the
use of SUBREGs (which keep the source and destination double words
live during shuffling) along the lines of Richard's CONCAT suggestion.

This patch has been retested again mainline using make bootstrap and
make -k check, both with and without --target_board=unix{-m32},
with no new failures.  Ok mainline?  


2022-08-07  Roger Sayle  <roger@nextmovesoftware.com>

gcc/ChangeLog
        PR target/43644
        PR rtl-optimization/97756
        PR rtl-optimization/98438
        * config/i386/i386.md (define_peephole2): Recognize double word
        swap sequences, and replace them with more efficient idioms,
        including using xchg when optimizing for size.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog
        PR target/43644
        * gcc.target/i386/pr43644.c: New test case.


Thanks in advance,
Roger
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diff --git a/gcc/config/i386/i386.md b/gcc/config/i386/i386.md
index 298e4b3..a11fd5b 100644
--- a/gcc/config/i386/i386.md
+++ b/gcc/config/i386/i386.md
@@ -3039,6 +3039,36 @@
   [(parallel [(set (match_dup 0) (match_dup 1))
 	      (set (match_dup 1) (match_dup 0))])])
 
+;; Replace a double word swap that requires 4 mov insns with a
+;; 3 mov insn implementation (or an xchg when optimizing for size).
+(define_peephole2
+  [(set (match_operand:DWIH 0 "general_reg_operand")
+	(match_operand:DWIH 1 "general_reg_operand"))
+   (set (match_operand:DWIH 2 "general_reg_operand")
+	(match_operand:DWIH 3 "general_reg_operand"))
+   (clobber (match_operand:<DWI> 4 "general_reg_operand"))
+   (set (match_dup 3) (match_dup 0))
+   (set (match_dup 1) (match_dup 2))]
+  "REGNO (operands[0]) != REGNO (operands[3])
+   && REGNO (operands[1]) != REGNO (operands[2])
+   && REGNO (operands[1]) != REGNO (operands[3])
+   && REGNO (operands[3]) == REGNO (operands[4])
+   && peep2_reg_dead_p (4, operands[0])
+   && peep2_reg_dead_p (5, operands[2])"
+  [(parallel [(set (match_dup 1) (match_dup 3))
+	      (set (match_dup 3) (match_dup 1))])]
+{
+  if (!optimize_insn_for_size_p ())
+    {
+      rtx tmp = REGNO (operands[0]) > REGNO (operands[2]) ? operands[0]
+							  : operands[2];
+      emit_move_insn (tmp, operands[1]);
+      emit_move_insn (operands[1], operands[3]);
+      emit_move_insn (operands[3], tmp);
+      DONE;
+    }
+})
+
 (define_expand "movstrict<mode>"
   [(set (strict_low_part (match_operand:SWI12 0 "register_operand"))
 	(match_operand:SWI12 1 "general_operand"))]
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/i386/pr43644.c b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/i386/pr43644.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffdf31c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/gcc.target/i386/pr43644.c
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+/* { dg-do compile { target int128 } } */
+/* { dg-options "-O2" } */
+
+__int128 foo(__int128 x, __int128 y)
+{
+  return x+y;
+}
+
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-times "movq" 2 } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-not "push" } } */
+/* { dg-final { scan-assembler-not "pop" } } */