[PATCH v2] c++: Mitigate -Wuseless-cast with classes [PR85043]

[Marek Polacek <polacek@redhat.com>]

On Wed, Oct 19, 2022 at 09:27:27AM -0400, Jason Merrill wrote:
> On 10/18/22 13:38, Marek Polacek wrote:
> > -Wuseless-cast (not part of -Wall/-Wextra) warns here:
> > 
> >    struct S { };
> >    void g (S&&);
> >    void f (S&& arg)
> >    {
> >      g (S(arg)); // warning: useless cast to type 'struct S'
> >    }
> > 
> > which is wrong: the code will not compile without the cast because
> > "arg" is an lvalue which cannot bind to S&&.
> > 
> > I'd like to disable the warning when a class object is cast to
> > a non-reference type, which seems like a minimal patch that fixes the
> > problems reported in our Bugzilla.  Of course, the cast in "(int)i"
> > may not be useless, either, but I'm not changing that here.
> 
> As I commented on PR 14710, "I wouldn't warn about a cast that changes the
> type or value category of an expression at all...."

Ah, I didn't see that comment.

> The code currently checks the value category when casting to a reference,
> but not when casting to a non-reference; that seems like the thing to fix.

OK, how about this?  The nice thing is that it handles non-classes as well,
while we still warn about truly useless casts as in "X(X{})".  Thanks,

Bootstrapped/regtested on x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, ok for trunk?

-- >8 --
-Wuseless-cast (not part of -Wall/-Wextra) warns here:

  struct S { };
  void g (S&&);
  void f (S&& arg)
  {
    g (S(arg)); // warning: useless cast to type 'struct S'
  }

which is wrong: the code will not compile without the cast because
"arg" is an lvalue which cannot bind to S&&.

This patch disables the warning when an object that isn't a prvalue
is cast to a non-reference type.  Therefore we still warn about the
useless cast in "X(X{})".

	PR c++/85043

gcc/cp/ChangeLog:

	* typeck.cc (maybe_warn_about_useless_cast): Don't warn when
	a glvalue is cast to a non-reference type.

gcc/ChangeLog:

	* doc/invoke.texi: Update documentation of -Wuseless-cast.

gcc/testsuite/ChangeLog:

	* g++.dg/warn/Wuseless-cast.C: Remove dg-warning.
	* g++.dg/warn/Wuseless-cast3.C: New test.
---
 gcc/cp/typeck.cc                           |  4 ++-
 gcc/doc/invoke.texi                        | 13 +++++++++-
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wuseless-cast.C  | 12 ++++-----
 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wuseless-cast3.C | 29 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 50 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wuseless-cast3.C

diff --git a/gcc/cp/typeck.cc b/gcc/cp/typeck.cc
index da0e1427b97..8e1d14ee6b0 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/typeck.cc
+++ b/gcc/cp/typeck.cc
@@ -8108,7 +8108,9 @@ maybe_warn_about_useless_cast (location_t loc, tree type, tree expr,
 	   && (TYPE_REF_IS_RVALUE (type)
 	       ? xvalue_p (expr) : lvalue_p (expr))
 	   && same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (expr), TREE_TYPE (type)))
-	  || same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (expr), type))
+	  /* Don't warn when converting a class object to a non-reference type,
+	     because that's a common way to create a temporary.  */
+	  || (!glvalue_p (expr) && same_type_p (TREE_TYPE (expr), type)))
 	warning_at (loc, OPT_Wuseless_cast,
 		    "useless cast to type %q#T", type);
     }
diff --git a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
index c176e2dc646..cd4d3c1d72c 100644
--- a/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
+++ b/gcc/doc/invoke.texi
@@ -4551,7 +4551,18 @@ pointers after reallocation.
 @item -Wuseless-cast @r{(C++ and Objective-C++ only)}
 @opindex Wuseless-cast
 @opindex Wno-useless-cast
-Warn when an expression is casted to its own type.
+Warn when an expression is cast to its own type.  This warning does not
+occur when a class object is converted to a non-reference type as that
+is a way to create a temporary:
+
+@smallexample
+struct S @{ @};
+void g (S&&);
+void f (S&& arg)
+@{
+  g (S(arg)); // make arg prvalue so that it can bind to S&&
+@}
+@end smallexample
 
 @item -Wno-conversion-null @r{(C++ and Objective-C++ only)}
 @opindex Wconversion-null
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wuseless-cast.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wuseless-cast.C
index 2fd6bc45102..d7cb89930a6 100644
--- a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wuseless-cast.C
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wuseless-cast.C
@@ -62,11 +62,11 @@ A prvalue();
 
 void f()
 {
-  int n; 
+  int n;
 
-  (int)(n);                    // { dg-warning "3:useless cast" }
-  static_cast<int>(n);         // { dg-warning "3:useless cast" }
-  reinterpret_cast<int>(n);    // { dg-warning "3:useless cast" }
+  (int)(n);
+  static_cast<int>(n);
+  reinterpret_cast<int>(n);
 
   (int*)(&n);                  // { dg-warning "3:useless cast" }
   const_cast<int*>(&n);        // { dg-warning "3:useless cast" }
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ void f()
 
   A a;
 
-  (A)(a);                     // { dg-warning "3:useless cast" }
-  static_cast<A>(a);          // { dg-warning "3:useless cast" }
+  (A)(a);
+  static_cast<A>(a);
 
   (A*)(&a);                   // { dg-warning "3:useless cast" }
   const_cast<A*>(&a);         // { dg-warning "3:useless cast" }
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wuseless-cast3.C b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wuseless-cast3.C
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..43dd2ebfaea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/warn/Wuseless-cast3.C
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// PR c++/85043
+// { dg-do compile { target c++11 } }
+// { dg-options "-Wuseless-cast" }
+
+struct S { int s; void bump () { s++; } };
+
+void
+foo ()
+{
+  S s = { 1 };
+  s.bump ();
+  S (s).bump (); // { dg-bogus "useless" }
+  ((S) s).bump (); // { dg-bogus "useless" }
+  static_cast<S> (s).bump (); // { dg-bogus "useless" }
+}
+
+struct X { };
+void g(X&&);
+
+void
+f (X&& arg)
+{
+  g(X(arg)); // { dg-bogus "useless" }
+  g(X(X{})); // { dg-warning "useless" }
+  g(static_cast<X&&>(arg));
+
+  int i = (int) 1; // { dg-warning "useless" }
+  const int &r = (int) i; // { dg-bogus "useless" }
+}

base-commit: 69a233610f6b27cd4283561569d8ce0f35044dc4
-- 
2.37.3