[PATCH][AArch64] Optimize strlen

["Wilco Dijkstra" <wdijkstr@arm.com>]

Optimize the strlen implementation by using a page cross check and a fast check
for nul bytes which reverts to separate loop when a non-ASCII char is encountered.
Speedup on test-strlen is ~10%, long ASCII strings are processed ~60% faster,
and on random tests it is ~80% better.

ChangeLog:

2015-01-16  Wilco Dijkstra  <wdijkstr@arm.com>

	* sysdeps/aarch64/strlen.S (strlen): Optimize strlen.

---
 sysdeps/aarch64/strlen.S | 230 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 165 insertions(+), 65 deletions(-)

diff --git a/sysdeps/aarch64/strlen.S b/sysdeps/aarch64/strlen.S
index 54271b9..7ca47d9 100644
--- a/sysdeps/aarch64/strlen.S
+++ b/sysdeps/aarch64/strlen.S
@@ -20,9 +20,13 @@
 
 /* Assumptions:
  *
- * ARMv8-a, AArch64
+ * ARMv8-a, AArch64, unaligned accesses, min page size 4k.
  */
 
+/* To test the page crossing code path more thoroughly, compile with
+   -DTEST_PAGE_CROSS - this will force all calls through the slower
+   entry path.  This option is not intended for production use.  */
+
 /* Arguments and results.  */
 #define srcin		x0
 #define len		x0
@@ -31,87 +35,183 @@
 #define src		x1
 #define data1		x2
 #define data2		x3
-#define data2a		x4
-#define has_nul1	x5
-#define has_nul2	x6
-#define tmp1		x7
-#define tmp2		x8
-#define tmp3		x9
-#define tmp4		x10
-#define zeroones	x11
-#define pos		x12
+#define has_nul1	x4
+#define has_nul2	x5
+#define tmp1		x4
+#define tmp2		x5
+#define tmp3		x6
+#define tmp4		x7
+#define zeroones	x8
+
+	/* NUL detection works on the principle that (X - 1) & (~X) & 0x80
+	   (=> (X - 1) & ~(X | 0x7f)) is non-zero iff a byte is zero, and
+	   can be done in parallel across the entire word. A faster check
+	   (X - 1) & 0x80 is zero for non-NUL ASCII characters, but gives
+	   false hits for characters 129..255.	*/
 
 #define REP8_01 0x0101010101010101
 #define REP8_7f 0x7f7f7f7f7f7f7f7f
 #define REP8_80 0x8080808080808080
 
-	/* Start of critial section -- keep to one 64Byte cache line.  */
+#ifdef TEST_PAGE_CROSS
+# define MIN_PAGE_SIZE 15
+#else
+# define MIN_PAGE_SIZE 4096
+#endif
+
+	/* Since strings are short on average, we check the first 16 bytes
+	   of the string for a NUL character.  In order to do an unaligned ldp
+	   safely we have to do a page cross check first.  If there is a NUL
+	   byte we calculate the length from the 2 8-byte words using
+	   conditional select to reduce branch mispredictions (it is unlikely
+	   strlen will be repeatedly called on strings with the same length).
+
+	   If the string is longer than 16 bytes, we align src so don't need
+	   further page cross checks, and process 32 bytes per iteration
+	   using the fast NUL check.  If we encounter non-ASCII characters,
+	   fallback to a second loop using the full NUL check.
+
+	   If the page cross check fails, we read 16 bytes from an aligned
+	   address, remove any characters before the string, and continue
+	   in the main loop using aligned loads.  Since strings crossing a
+	   page in the first 16 bytes are rare (probability of
+	   16/MIN_PAGE_SIZE ~= 0.4%), this case does not need to be optimized.
+
+	   AArch64 systems have a minimum page size of 4k.  We don't bother
+	   checking for larger page sizes - the cost of setting up the correct
+	   page size is just not worth the extra gain from a small reduction in
+	   the cases taking the slow path.  Note that we only care about
+	   whether the first fetch, which may be misaligned, crosses a page
+	   boundary.  */
+
 ENTRY_ALIGN (strlen, 6)
-	mov	zeroones, #REP8_01
-	bic	src, srcin, #15
-	ands	tmp1, srcin, #15
-	b.ne	L(misaligned)
-	/* NUL detection works on the principle that (X - 1) & (~X) & 0x80
-	   (=> (X - 1) & ~(X | 0x7f)) is non-zero iff a byte is zero, and
-	   can be done in parallel across the entire word.  */
-	/* The inner loop deals with two Dwords at a time.  This has a
-	   slightly higher start-up cost, but we should win quite quickly,
-	   especially on cores with a high number of issue slots per
-	   cycle, as we get much better parallelism out of the operations.  */
-L(loop):
-	ldp	data1, data2, [src], #16
-L(realigned):
+	and	tmp1, srcin, MIN_PAGE_SIZE - 1
+	mov	zeroones, REP8_01
+	cmp	tmp1, MIN_PAGE_SIZE - 16
+	b.gt	L(page_cross)
+	ldp	data1, data2, [srcin]
+#ifdef __AARCH64EB__
+	/* For big-endian, carry propagation (if the final byte in the
+	   string is 0x01) means we cannot use has_nul1/2 directly.
+	   Since we expect strings to be small and early-exit,
+	   byte-swap the data now so has_null1/2 will be correct.  */
+	rev	data1, data1
+	rev	data2, data2
+#endif
 	sub	tmp1, data1, zeroones
-	orr	tmp2, data1, #REP8_7f
+	orr	tmp2, data1, REP8_7f
 	sub	tmp3, data2, zeroones
-	orr	tmp4, data2, #REP8_7f
-	bic	has_nul1, tmp1, tmp2
-	bics	has_nul2, tmp3, tmp4
-	ccmp	has_nul1, #0, #0, eq	/* NZCV = 0000  */
-	b.eq	L(loop)
-	/* End of critical section -- keep to one 64Byte cache line.  */
+	orr	tmp4, data2, REP8_7f
+	bics	has_nul1, tmp1, tmp2
+	bic	has_nul2, tmp3, tmp4
+	ccmp	has_nul2, 0, 0, eq
+	beq	L(main_loop_entry)
 
-	sub	len, src, srcin
-	cbz	has_nul1, L(nul_in_data2)
-#ifdef __AARCH64EB__
-	mov	data2, data1
-#endif
-	sub	len, len, #8
-	mov	has_nul2, has_nul1
-L(nul_in_data2):
+	/* Enter with C = has_nul1 == 0.  */
+	csel	has_nul1, has_nul1, has_nul2, cc
+	mov	len, 8
+	rev	has_nul1, has_nul1
+	clz	tmp1, has_nul1
+	csel	len, xzr, len, cc
+	add	len, len, tmp1, lsr 3
+	ret
+
+	/* The inner loop processes 32 bytes per iteration and uses the fast
+	   NUL check.  If we encounter non-ASCII characters, use a second
+	   loop with the accurate NUL check.  */
+	.p2align 4
+L(main_loop_entry):
+	bic	src, srcin, 15
+	sub	src, src, 16
+L(main_loop):
+	ldp	data1, data2, [src, 32]!
+.Lpage_cross_entry:
+	sub	tmp1, data1, zeroones
+	sub	tmp3, data2, zeroones
+	orr	tmp2, tmp1, tmp3
+	tst	tmp2, zeroones, lsl 7
+	bne	1f
+	ldp	data1, data2, [src, 16]
+	sub	tmp1, data1, zeroones
+	sub	tmp3, data2, zeroones
+	orr	tmp2, tmp1, tmp3
+	tst	tmp2, zeroones, lsl 7
+	beq	L(main_loop)
+	add	src, src, 16
+1:
+	/* The fast check failed, so do the slower, accurate NUL check.	 */
+	orr	tmp2, data1, REP8_7f
+	orr	tmp4, data2, REP8_7f
+	bics	has_nul1, tmp1, tmp2
+	bic	has_nul2, tmp3, tmp4
+	ccmp	has_nul2, 0, 0, eq
+	beq	L(nonascii_loop)
+
+	/* Enter with C = has_nul1 == 0.  */
+L(tail):
 #ifdef __AARCH64EB__
 	/* For big-endian, carry propagation (if the final byte in the
-	   string is 0x01) means we cannot use has_nul directly.  The
+	   string is 0x01) means we cannot use has_nul1/2 directly.  The
 	   easiest way to get the correct byte is to byte-swap the data
 	   and calculate the syndrome a second time.  */
-	rev	data2, data2
-	sub	tmp1, data2, zeroones
-	orr	tmp2, data2, #REP8_7f
-	bic	has_nul2, tmp1, tmp2
+	csel	data1, data1, data2, cc
+	rev	data1, data1
+	sub	tmp1, data1, zeroones
+	orr	tmp2, data1, REP8_7f
+	bic	has_nul1, tmp1, tmp2
+#else
+	csel	has_nul1, has_nul1, has_nul2, cc
 #endif
-	sub	len, len, #8
-	rev	has_nul2, has_nul2
-	clz	pos, has_nul2
-	add	len, len, pos, lsr #3		/* Bits to bytes.  */
-	RET
-
-L(misaligned):
-	cmp	tmp1, #8
-	neg	tmp1, tmp1
-	ldp	data1, data2, [src], #16
-	lsl	tmp1, tmp1, #3		/* Bytes beyond alignment -> bits.  */
-	mov	tmp2, #~0
+	sub	len, src, srcin
+	rev	has_nul1, has_nul1
+	add	tmp2, len, 8
+	clz	tmp1, has_nul1
+	csel	len, len, tmp2, cc
+	add	len, len, tmp1, lsr 3
+	ret
+
+L(nonascii_loop):
+	ldp	data1, data2, [src, 16]!
+	sub	tmp1, data1, zeroones
+	orr	tmp2, data1, REP8_7f
+	sub	tmp3, data2, zeroones
+	orr	tmp4, data2, REP8_7f
+	bics	has_nul1, tmp1, tmp2
+	bic	has_nul2, tmp3, tmp4
+	ccmp	has_nul2, 0, 0, eq
+	bne	L(tail)
+	ldp	data1, data2, [src, 16]!
+	sub	tmp1, data1, zeroones
+	orr	tmp2, data1, REP8_7f
+	sub	tmp3, data2, zeroones
+	orr	tmp4, data2, REP8_7f
+	bics	has_nul1, tmp1, tmp2
+	bic	has_nul2, tmp3, tmp4
+	ccmp	has_nul2, 0, 0, eq
+	beq	L(nonascii_loop)
+	b	L(tail)
+
+	/* Load 16 bytes from [srcin & ~15] and force the bytes that precede
+	   srcin to 0x7f, so we ignore any NUL bytes before the string.
+	   Then continue in the aligned loop.  */
+L(page_cross):
+	bic	src, srcin, 15
+	ldp	data1, data2, [src]
+	lsl	tmp1, srcin, 3
+	mov	tmp4, -1
 #ifdef __AARCH64EB__
-	/* Big-endian.  Early bytes are at MSB.  */
-	lsl	tmp2, tmp2, tmp1	/* Shift (tmp1 & 63).  */
+	/* Big-endian.	Early bytes are at MSB.	 */
+	lsr	tmp1, tmp4, tmp1	/* Shift (tmp1 & 63).  */
 #else
 	/* Little-endian.  Early bytes are at LSB.  */
-	lsr	tmp2, tmp2, tmp1	/* Shift (tmp1 & 63).  */
+	lsl	tmp1, tmp4, tmp1	/* Shift (tmp1 & 63).  */
 #endif
-	orr	data1, data1, tmp2
-	orr	data2a, data2, tmp2
-	csinv	data1, data1, xzr, le
-	csel	data2, data2, data2a, le
-	b	L(realigned)
+	orr	tmp1, tmp1, REP8_80
+	orn	data1, data1, tmp1
+	orn	tmp2, data2, tmp1
+	tst	srcin, 8
+	csel	data1, data1, tmp4, eq
+	csel	data2, data2, tmp2, eq
+	b	L(page_cross_entry)
 END (strlen)
 libc_hidden_builtin_def (strlen)
-- 
1.9.1