From: Noah Goldstein <goldstein.w.n@gmail.com>
To: Adhemerval Zanella <adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
Cc: libc-alpha@sourceware.org, Paul Eggert <eggert@cs.ucla.edu>,
Florian Weimer <fweimer@redhat.com>
Subject: Re: [PATCH v8 5/7] stdlib: Implement introsort for qsort (BZ 19305)
Date: Mon, 30 Oct 2023 14:03:57 -0500 [thread overview]
Message-ID: <CAFUsyfKcP_=d3-Ek2y-HyWiXqWX7AEBp7-d0qVwGjfhipM5pYg@mail.gmail.com> (raw)
In-Reply-To: <20231003122251.3325435-6-adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org>
On Tue, Oct 3, 2023 at 7:23 AM Adhemerval Zanella
<adhemerval.zanella@linaro.org> wrote:
>
> This patch makes the quicksort implementation to acts as introsort, to
> avoid worse-case performance (and thus making it O(nlog n)). It switch
> to heapsort when the depth level reaches 2*log2(total elements). The
> heapsort is a textbook implementation.
>
> Checked on x86_64-linux-gnu and aarch64-linux-gnu.
> ---
> stdlib/qsort.c | 89 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
> 1 file changed, 82 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/stdlib/qsort.c b/stdlib/qsort.c
> index 80706b3357..d5f205affc 100644
> --- a/stdlib/qsort.c
> +++ b/stdlib/qsort.c
> @@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ typedef struct
> {
> char *lo;
> char *hi;
> + size_t depth;
> } stack_node;
>
> /* The stack needs log (total_elements) entries (we could even subtract
> @@ -107,22 +108,85 @@ typedef struct
> enum { STACK_SIZE = CHAR_BIT * sizeof (size_t) };
>
> static inline stack_node *
> -push (stack_node *top, char *lo, char *hi)
> +push (stack_node *top, char *lo, char *hi, size_t depth)
> {
> top->lo = lo;
> top->hi = hi;
> + top->depth = depth;
> return ++top;
> }
>
> static inline stack_node *
> -pop (stack_node *top, char **lo, char **hi)
> +pop (stack_node *top, char **lo, char **hi, size_t *depth)
> {
> --top;
> *lo = top->lo;
> *hi = top->hi;
> + *depth = top->depth;
> return top;
> }
>
> +/* NB: N is inclusive bound for BASE. */
> +static inline void
> +siftdown (void *base, size_t size, size_t k, size_t n,
> + enum swap_type_t swap_type, __compar_d_fn_t cmp, void *arg)
> +{
> + while (k <= n / 2)
> + {
> + size_t j = 2 * k;
> + if (j < n && cmp (base + (j * size), base + ((j + 1) * size), arg) < 0)
> + j++;
> +
> + if (cmp (base + (k * size), base + (j * size), arg) >= 0)
> + break;
> +
> + do_swap (base + (size * j), base + (k * size), size, swap_type);
> + k = j;
> + }
> +}
> +
> +static inline void
> +heapify (void *base, size_t size, size_t n, enum swap_type_t swap_type,
> + __compar_d_fn_t cmp, void *arg)
> +{
> + size_t k = n / 2;
> + while (1)
> + {
> + siftdown (base, size, k, n, swap_type, cmp, arg);
> + if (k-- == 0)
> + break;
> + }
> +}
> +
> +/* A non-recursive heapsort, used on introsort implementation as a fallback
> + routine with worst-case performance of O(nlog n) and worst-case space
> + complexity of O(1). It sorts the array starting at BASE and ending at
> + END, with each element of SIZE bytes. The SWAP_TYPE is the callback
> + function used to swap elements, and CMP is the function used to compare
> + elements. */
> +static void
> +heapsort_r (void *base, void *end, size_t size, enum swap_type_t swap_type,
> + __compar_d_fn_t cmp, void *arg)
> +{
> + const size_t count = ((uintptr_t) end - (uintptr_t) base) / size;
> +
> + if (count < 2)
> + return;
> +
> + size_t n = count - 1;
> +
> + /* Build the binary heap, largest value at the base[0]. */
> + heapify (base, size, n, swap_type, cmp, arg);
> +
> + /* On each iteration base[0:n] is the binary heap, while base[n:count]
> + is sorted. */
> + while (n > 0)
> + {
> + do_swap (base, base + (n * size), size, swap_type);
> + n--;
> + siftdown (base, size, 0, n, swap_type, cmp, arg);
> + }
> +}
>
> static inline void
> insertion_sort_qsort_partitions (void *const pbase, size_t total_elems,
> @@ -208,7 +272,7 @@ _quicksort (void *const pbase, size_t total_elems, size_t size,
>
> const size_t max_thresh = MAX_THRESH * size;
>
> - if (total_elems == 0)
> + if (total_elems <= 1)
> /* Avoid lossage with unsigned arithmetic below. */
> return;
>
> @@ -220,15 +284,26 @@ _quicksort (void *const pbase, size_t total_elems, size_t size,
> else
> swap_type = SWAP_BYTES;
>
> + /* Maximum depth before quicksort switches to heapsort. */
> + size_t depth = 2 * (sizeof (size_t) * CHAR_BIT - 1
> + - __builtin_clzl (total_elems));
> +
> if (total_elems > MAX_THRESH)
> {
> char *lo = base_ptr;
> char *hi = &lo[size * (total_elems - 1)];
> stack_node stack[STACK_SIZE];
> - stack_node *top = stack + 1;
> + stack_node *top = push (stack, NULL, NULL, depth);
>
> while (stack < top)
> {
> + if (depth == 0)
> + {
> + heapsort_r (lo, hi, size, swap_type, cmp, arg);
> + top = pop (top, &lo, &hi, &depth);
> + continue;
> + }
> +
> char *left_ptr;
> char *right_ptr;
>
> @@ -292,7 +367,7 @@ _quicksort (void *const pbase, size_t total_elems, size_t size,
> {
> if ((size_t) (hi - left_ptr) <= max_thresh)
> /* Ignore both small partitions. */
> - top = pop (top, &lo, &hi);
> + top = pop (top, &lo, &hi, &depth);
> else
> /* Ignore small left partition. */
> lo = left_ptr;
> @@ -303,13 +378,13 @@ _quicksort (void *const pbase, size_t total_elems, size_t size,
> else if ((right_ptr - lo) > (hi - left_ptr))
> {
> /* Push larger left partition indices. */
> - top = push (top, lo, right_ptr);
> + top = push (top, lo, right_ptr, depth - 1);
> lo = left_ptr;
> }
> else
> {
> /* Push larger right partition indices. */
> - top = push (top, left_ptr, hi);
> + top = push (top, left_ptr, hi, depth - 1);
> hi = right_ptr;
> }
> }
> --
> 2.34.1
>
LGTM
Reviewed-by: Noah Goldstein <goldstein.w.n@gmail.com>
next prev parent reply other threads:[~2023-10-30 19:04 UTC|newest]
Thread overview: 23+ messages / expand[flat|nested] mbox.gz Atom feed top
2023-10-03 12:22 [PATCH v8 0/7] Use introsort for qsort Adhemerval Zanella
2023-10-03 12:22 ` [PATCH v8 1/7] string: Add internal memswap implementation Adhemerval Zanella
2023-10-03 17:42 ` Noah Goldstein
2023-10-27 20:23 ` Adhemerval Zanella Netto
2023-10-27 22:47 ` Gabriel Ravier
2023-10-28 1:30 ` Noah Goldstein
2023-10-30 19:02 ` Noah Goldstein
2023-10-03 12:22 ` [PATCH v8 2/7] stdlib: Optimization qsort{_r} swap implementation Adhemerval Zanella
2023-10-30 19:02 ` Noah Goldstein
2023-10-03 12:22 ` [PATCH v8 3/7] stdlib: Move insertion sort out qsort Adhemerval Zanella
2023-10-30 19:03 ` Noah Goldstein
2023-10-03 12:22 ` [PATCH v8 4/7] stdlib: qsort: Move some macros to inline function Adhemerval Zanella
2023-10-30 19:03 ` Noah Goldstein
2023-10-03 12:22 ` [PATCH v8 5/7] stdlib: Implement introsort for qsort (BZ 19305) Adhemerval Zanella
2023-10-30 19:03 ` Noah Goldstein [this message]
2023-10-03 12:22 ` [PATCH v8 6/7] stdlib: Remove use of mergesort on qsort (BZ 21719) Adhemerval Zanella
2023-10-30 19:04 ` Noah Goldstein
2023-10-03 12:22 ` [PATCH v8 7/7] stdlib: Add more qsort{_r} coverage Adhemerval Zanella
2023-10-30 19:04 ` Noah Goldstein
2023-10-03 18:13 ` [PATCH v8 0/7] Use introsort for qsort Noah Goldstein
2023-10-27 20:24 ` Adhemerval Zanella Netto
2023-10-28 1:31 ` Noah Goldstein
-- strict thread matches above, loose matches on Subject: below --
2023-10-02 19:33 Adhemerval Zanella
2023-10-02 19:33 ` [PATCH v8 5/7] stdlib: Implement introsort for qsort (BZ 19305) Adhemerval Zanella
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