[COMMITTED] gmon: Fix allocated buffer overflow (bug 29444)

[Yash Shinde <yashinde145@gmail.com>]

The `__monstartup()` allocates a buffer used to store all the data
accumulated by the monitor.

The size of this buffer depends on the size of the internal structures
used and the address range for which the monitor is activated, as well
as on the maximum density of call instructions and/or callable functions
that could be potentially on a segment of executable code.

In particular a hash table of arcs is placed at the end of this buffer.
The size of this hash table is calculated in bytes as
   p->fromssize = p->textsize / HASHFRACTION;

but actually should be
   p->fromssize = ROUNDUP(p->textsize / HASHFRACTION, sizeof(*p->froms));

This results in writing beyond the end of the allocated buffer when an
added arc corresponds to a call near from the end of the monitored
address range, since `_mcount()` check the incoming caller address for
monitored range but not the intermediate result hash-like index that
uses to write into the table.

It should be noted that when the results are output to `gmon.out`, the
table is read to the last element calculated from the allocated size in
bytes, so the arcs stored outside the buffer boundary did not fall into
`gprof` for analysis. Thus this "feature" help me to found this bug
during working with https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=29438

Just in case, I will explicitly note that the problem breaks the
`make test t=gmon/tst-gmon-dso` added for Bug 29438.
There, the arc of the `f3()` call disappears from the output, since in
the DSO case, the call to `f3` is located close to the end of the
monitored range.

Signed-off-by: Леонид Юрьев (Leonid Yuriev) <leo@yuriev.ru>
Another minor error seems a related typo in the calculation of
`kcountsize`, but since kcounts are smaller than froms, this is
actually to align the p->froms data

Co-authored-by: DJ Delorie <dj@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Carlos O'Donell <carlos@redhat.com>

Request to backport this patch to branch release/2.35/master and
other released branches, as this is a bug for all glibc users using
older versions of glibc.
Suggested-by: Yash Shinde <Yash.Shinde@windriver.com>
---
 gmon/gmon.c | 4 +++-
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/gmon/gmon.c b/gmon/gmon.c
index dee64803ad..bf76358d5b 100644
--- a/gmon/gmon.c
+++ b/gmon/gmon.c
@@ -132,6 +132,8 @@ __monstartup (u_long lowpc, u_long highpc)
   p->lowpc = ROUNDDOWN(lowpc, HISTFRACTION * sizeof(HISTCOUNTER));
   p->highpc = ROUNDUP(highpc, HISTFRACTION * sizeof(HISTCOUNTER));
   p->textsize = p->highpc - p->lowpc;
+  /* This looks like a typo, but it's here to align the p->froms
+     section.  */
   p->kcountsize = ROUNDUP(p->textsize / HISTFRACTION, sizeof(*p->froms));
   p->hashfraction = HASHFRACTION;
   p->log_hashfraction = -1;
@@ -142,7 +144,7 @@ __monstartup (u_long lowpc, u_long highpc)
 	 instead of integer division.  Precompute shift amount. */
       p->log_hashfraction = ffs(p->hashfraction * sizeof(*p->froms)) - 1;
   }
-  p->fromssize = p->textsize / HASHFRACTION;
+  p->fromssize = ROUNDUP(p->textsize / HASHFRACTION, sizeof(*p->froms));
   p->tolimit = p->textsize * ARCDENSITY / 100;
   if (p->tolimit < MINARCS)
     p->tolimit = MINARCS;
-- 
2.34.1