* hardlinks on directories? @ 2020-01-30 18:16 Ulli Horlacher 2020-01-30 18:26 ` Eric Blake 0 siblings, 1 reply; 4+ messages in thread From: Ulli Horlacher @ 2020-01-30 18:16 UTC (permalink / raw) To: cygwin (I am a UNIX senior admin, but have VERY few knowledge on Windows) UNIX does not support hard links on directories (in opposite to Windows?). I found: /: uname -a CYGWIN_NT-10.0 W10dev 3.1.2(0.340/5/3) 2019-12-21 15:25 x86_64 Cygwin /: ls -ldi /bin /usr/bin 281474976929589 drwxr-xr-x+ 1 admin None 0 Jan 29 16:01 /bin 281474976929589 drwxr-xr-x+ 1 admin None 0 Jan 29 16:01 /usr/bin /: ls -ldi /lib /usr/lib 281474976929595 drwxr-xr-x+ 1 admin None 0 Jun 15 2018 /lib 281474976929595 drwxr-xr-x+ 1 admin None 0 Jun 15 2018 /usr/lib Are this directory hard links? Their content seems to be identical. (How) can I find out with Cygwin which directories are hard links? I could run "find / -xdev -type d -printf "%i %p\n" and look for same inodes. Is there a better methode? /: find / -xdev -type d -printf "%i %p\n" | perl -wne 'push @{$i{$1}},$2 if /^(\d+) (.+)/; END { foreach $n (keys %i) { @f = @{$i{$n}}; print "$n: @f\n" if scalar(@f) > 1} }' | sort -n | head 2: /proc /cygdrive 281474976929589: /bin /usr/bin 281474976929595: /lib /usr/lib 281474976935384: /lib/pkcs11 /usr/lib/pkcs11 281474976935494: /lib/gawk /usr/lib/gawk 281474976938256: /lib/groff /usr/lib/groff 281474976939240: /lib/security /usr/lib/security 281474976939616: /lib/engines-1.1 /usr/lib/engines-1.1 281474976939876: /lib/sasl2_3 /usr/lib/sasl2_3 281474976940081: /lib/p7zip /usr/lib/p7zip Not so good... too much hits: "/lib/pkcs11 /usr/lib/pkcs11" are already in "/lib /usr/lib" -- Ullrich Horlacher Server und Virtualisierung Rechenzentrum TIK Universitaet Stuttgart E-Mail: horlacher@tik.uni-stuttgart.de Allmandring 30a Tel: ++49-711-68565868 70569 Stuttgart (Germany) WWW: http://www.tik.uni-stuttgart.de/ REF:<20200130181516.GA29782@tik.uni-stuttgart.de> -- Problem reports: http://cygwin.com/problems.html FAQ: http://cygwin.com/faq/ Documentation: http://cygwin.com/docs.html Unsubscribe info: http://cygwin.com/ml/#unsubscribe-simple ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 4+ messages in thread
* Re: hardlinks on directories? 2020-01-30 18:16 hardlinks on directories? Ulli Horlacher @ 2020-01-30 18:26 ` Eric Blake 2020-01-31 10:18 ` Ulli Horlacher 0 siblings, 1 reply; 4+ messages in thread From: Eric Blake @ 2020-01-30 18:26 UTC (permalink / raw) To: cygwin, framstag On 1/30/20 12:15 PM, Ulli Horlacher wrote: > (I am a UNIX senior admin, but have VERY few knowledge on Windows) > > UNIX does not support hard links on directories (in opposite to Windows?). Windows does not either. > > Are this directory hard links? No, rather they are parallel mount points (the same directory mounted under two different names). -- Eric Blake, Principal Software Engineer Red Hat, Inc. +1-919-301-3226 Virtualization: qemu.org | libvirt.org -- Problem reports: http://cygwin.com/problems.html FAQ: http://cygwin.com/faq/ Documentation: http://cygwin.com/docs.html Unsubscribe info: http://cygwin.com/ml/#unsubscribe-simple ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 4+ messages in thread
* Re: hardlinks on directories? 2020-01-30 18:26 ` Eric Blake @ 2020-01-31 10:18 ` Ulli Horlacher 2020-01-31 14:59 ` Brian Inglis 0 siblings, 1 reply; 4+ messages in thread From: Ulli Horlacher @ 2020-01-31 10:18 UTC (permalink / raw) To: Eric Blake; +Cc: cygwin On Thu 2020-01-30 (12:26), Eric Blake wrote: > > Are this directory hard links? > > No, rather they are parallel mount points (the same directory mounted > under two different names). /: mount C:/cygwin64/bin on /usr/bin type ntfs (binary,auto) C:/cygwin64/lib on /usr/lib type ntfs (binary,auto) C:/cygwin64 on / type ntfs (binary,auto) C: on /cygdrive/c type ntfs (binary,posix=0,user,noumount,auto) That's it! Thanks! But why does Cygwin mount the directories /usr/bin and /usr/lib extra? Why not a symbolic link? And which process does this mounting? -- Ullrich Horlacher Server und Virtualisierung Rechenzentrum TIK Universitaet Stuttgart E-Mail: horlacher@tik.uni-stuttgart.de Allmandring 30a Tel: ++49-711-68565868 70569 Stuttgart (Germany) WWW: http://www.tik.uni-stuttgart.de/ REF:<f0e439a1-652d-ad83-54c3-87c6661df8f7@redhat.com> -- Problem reports: http://cygwin.com/problems.html FAQ: http://cygwin.com/faq/ Documentation: http://cygwin.com/docs.html Unsubscribe info: http://cygwin.com/ml/#unsubscribe-simple ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 4+ messages in thread
* Re: hardlinks on directories? 2020-01-31 10:18 ` Ulli Horlacher @ 2020-01-31 14:59 ` Brian Inglis 0 siblings, 0 replies; 4+ messages in thread From: Brian Inglis @ 2020-01-31 14:59 UTC (permalink / raw) To: cygwin On 2020-01-31 03:17, Ulli Horlacher wrote: > On Thu 2020-01-30 (12:26), Eric Blake wrote: > >>> Are this directory hard links? >> >> No, rather they are parallel mount points (the same directory mounted >> under two different names). > > /: mount > C:/cygwin64/bin on /usr/bin type ntfs (binary,auto) > C:/cygwin64/lib on /usr/lib type ntfs (binary,auto) > C:/cygwin64 on / type ntfs (binary,auto) > C: on /cygdrive/c type ntfs (binary,posix=0,user,noumount,auto) > > That's it! Thanks! > > But why does Cygwin mount the directories /usr/bin and /usr/lib extra? $ cmd /c dir `cygpath -aw /usr` ... 2020-01-30 17:51 <DIR> include 2020-01-19 13:55 <DIR> libexec 2019-09-29 13:38 <DIR> local 2020-01-19 13:55 <DIR> sbin 2020-01-19 13:56 <DIR> share 2016-10-25 14:43 <DIR> src 2019-12-18 11:07 <DIR> tmp ... No /usr/bin nor /usr/lib. > Why not a symbolic link? Mounts ensure the paths exist and are identical to /bin /lib. > And which process does this mounting? Every Cygwin process at startup performs those mounts and any alternatives in /etc/fstab and /etc/fstab.d/*, see "Cygwin User's Guide", Chapter 3. Using Cygwin, /The Cygwin Mount Table/: http://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/using.html#mount-table -- Take care. Thanks, Brian Inglis, Calgary, Alberta, Canada This email may be disturbing to some readers as it contains too much technical detail. Reader discretion is advised. -- Problem reports: http://cygwin.com/problems.html FAQ: http://cygwin.com/faq/ Documentation: http://cygwin.com/docs.html Unsubscribe info: http://cygwin.com/ml/#unsubscribe-simple ^ permalink raw reply [flat|nested] 4+ messages in thread
end of thread, other threads:[~2020-01-31 14:59 UTC | newest] Thread overview: 4+ messages (download: mbox.gz / follow: Atom feed) -- links below jump to the message on this page -- 2020-01-30 18:16 hardlinks on directories? Ulli Horlacher 2020-01-30 18:26 ` Eric Blake 2020-01-31 10:18 ` Ulli Horlacher 2020-01-31 14:59 ` Brian Inglis
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