[Bug analyzer/105530] New: Analyzer makes wrong conclusions for the malloc (deallocator, ptr-index) attribute

["dilyan.palauzov at aegee dot org" <gcc-bugzilla@gcc.gnu.org>]

https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=105530

            Bug ID: 105530
           Summary: Analyzer makes wrong conclusions for the malloc
                    (deallocator, ptr-index) attribute
           Product: gcc
           Version: 11.3.1
            Status: UNCONFIRMED
          Severity: normal
          Priority: P3
         Component: analyzer
          Assignee: dmalcolm at gcc dot gnu.org
          Reporter: dilyan.palauzov at aegee dot org
  Target Milestone: ---

gcc (GCC) 11.2.1 20220413 (compiled from git)

For a.c:


#include <stdlib.h>

void fr(char* x) {
  free(x);
}

__attribute__((malloc, malloc(fr, 1))) char * al() {
  return (char*) malloc(10);
}

int main() {
  fr(al());
  return 0;
}


$ gcc a.c -fanalyzer


prints:


a.c: In function ‘al’:                                                          
a.c:8:10: warning: leak of ‘al()’ [CWE-401] [-Wanalyzer-malloc-leak]
    8 |   return (char*) malloc(10);
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  ‘main’: events 1-3
    |
    |   11 | int main() {
    |      |     ^~~~
    |      |     |
    |      |     (1) entry to ‘main’
    |   12 |   fr(al());
    |      |   ~~~~~~~~
    |      |   |
    |      |   (2) allocated here
    |      |   (3) calling ‘al’ from ‘main’
    |
    +--> ‘al’: events 4-5
           |
           |    7 | __attribute__((malloc, malloc(fr, 1))) char * al() {
           |      |                                               ^~
           |      |                                               |
           |      |                                               (4) entry to
‘al’
           |    8 |   return (char*) malloc(10);
           |      |          ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                    
           |      |          |
           |      |          (5) ‘al()’ leaks here; was allocated at (2)
           |
a.c: In function ‘main’:
a.c:12:3: warning: ‘al()’ should have been deallocated with ‘free’ but was
deallocated with ‘fr’ [CWE-762] [-Wanalyzer-mismatchi[4/1963]
ocation]
   12 |   fr(al());
      |   ^~~~~~~~
  ‘main’: events 1-2
    |
    |   11 | int main() {
    |      |     ^~~~
    |      |     |
    |      |     (1) entry to ‘main’
    |   12 |   fr(al());
    |      |   ~~~~~~~~
    |      |   |
    |      |   (2) calling ‘al’ from ‘main’
    |
    +--> ‘al’: events 3-4
           |
           |    7 | __attribute__((malloc, malloc(fr, 1))) char * al() {
           |      |                                               ^~
           |      |                                               |
           |      |                                               (3) entry to
‘al’
           |    8 |   return (char*) malloc(10);
           |      |                  ~~~~~~~~~~                    
           |      |                  |
           |      |                  (4) allocated here (expects deallocation
with ‘free’)
           |
    <------+
    |
  ‘main’: events 5-6
    |
    |   12 |   fr(al());
    |      |   ^~~~~~~~
    |      |   |
    |      |   (5) returning to ‘main’ from ‘al’
    |      |   (6) deallocated with ‘fr’ here; allocation at (4) expects
deallocation with ‘free’
    |


Now, I do not understand these warnings.  First of all, nothing is leaked.


> a.c:12:3: warning: ‘al()’ should have been deallocated with ‘free’ but was deallocated with ‘fr’ [CWE-762] [-Wanalyzer-mismatchi[4/1963]

The complier/analyzer is explicitly told by the malloc(fr, 1) attribute, that
fr() is the right way to deallocate the result of al().


> a.c:8:10: warning: leak of ‘al()’ [CWE-401] [-Wanalyzer-malloc-leak]

return (char*) malloc(10); is by itself not a memory leak.