[glibc] Harden tcache double-free check

[glibc] Harden tcache double-free check

[Siddhesh Poyarekar]

https://sourceware.org/git/gitweb.cgi?p=glibc.git;h=fc859c304898a5ec72e0ba5269ed136ed0ea10e1

commit fc859c304898a5ec72e0ba5269ed136ed0ea10e1
Author: Siddhesh Poyarekar <siddhesh@sourceware.org>
Date:   Wed Jul 7 23:02:46 2021 +0530

    Harden tcache double-free check
    
    The tcache allocator layer uses the tcache pointer as a key to
    identify a block that may be freed twice.  Since this is in the
    application data area, an attacker exploiting a use-after-free could
    potentially get access to the entire tcache structure through this
    key.  A detailed write-up was provided by Awarau here:
    
    https://awaraucom.wordpress.com/2020/07/19/house-of-io-remastered/
    
    Replace this static pointer use for key checking with one that is
    generated at malloc initialization.  The first attempt is through
    getrandom with a fallback to random_bits(), which is a simple
    pseudo-random number generator based on the clock.  The fallback ought
    to be sufficient since the goal of the randomness is only to make the
    key arbitrary enough that it is very unlikely to collide with user
    data.
    
    Co-authored-by: Eyal Itkin <eyalit@checkpoint.com>

Diff:
---
 malloc/arena.c  |  8 ++++++++
 malloc/malloc.c | 37 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/malloc/arena.c b/malloc/arena.c
index 7eb110445e..991fc21a7e 100644
--- a/malloc/arena.c
+++ b/malloc/arena.c
@@ -287,6 +287,10 @@ extern struct dl_open_hook *_dl_open_hook;
 libc_hidden_proto (_dl_open_hook);
 #endif
 
+#if USE_TCACHE
+static void tcache_key_initialize (void);
+#endif
+
 static void
 ptmalloc_init (void)
 {
@@ -295,6 +299,10 @@ ptmalloc_init (void)
 
   __malloc_initialized = 0;
 
+#if USE_TCACHE
+  tcache_key_initialize ();
+#endif
+
 #ifdef USE_MTAG
   if ((TUNABLE_GET_FULL (glibc, mem, tagging, int32_t, NULL) & 1) != 0)
     {
diff --git a/malloc/malloc.c b/malloc/malloc.c
index bb9a1642aa..a3525f71da 100644
--- a/malloc/malloc.c
+++ b/malloc/malloc.c
@@ -252,6 +252,10 @@
 
 #include <libc-internal.h>
 
+/* For tcache double-free check.  */
+#include <random-bits.h>
+#include <sys/random.h>
+
 /*
   Debugging:
 
@@ -3091,7 +3095,7 @@ typedef struct tcache_entry
 {
   struct tcache_entry *next;
   /* This field exists to detect double frees.  */
-  struct tcache_perthread_struct *key;
+  uintptr_t key;
 } tcache_entry;
 
 /* There is one of these for each thread, which contains the
@@ -3108,6 +3112,31 @@ typedef struct tcache_perthread_struct
 static __thread bool tcache_shutting_down = false;
 static __thread tcache_perthread_struct *tcache = NULL;
 
+/* Process-wide key to try and catch a double-free in the same thread.  */
+static uintptr_t tcache_key;
+
+/* The value of tcache_key does not really have to be a cryptographically
+   secure random number.  It only needs to be arbitrary enough so that it does
+   not collide with values present in applications.  If a collision does happen
+   consistently enough, it could cause a degradation in performance since the
+   entire list is checked to check if the block indeed has been freed the
+   second time.  The odds of this happening are exceedingly low though, about 1
+   in 2^wordsize.  There is probably a higher chance of the performance
+   degradation being due to a double free where the first free happened in a
+   different thread; that's a case this check does not cover.  */
+static void
+tcache_key_initialize (void)
+{
+  if (__getrandom (&tcache_key, sizeof(tcache_key), GRND_NONBLOCK)
+      != sizeof (tcache_key))
+    {
+      tcache_key = random_bits ();
+#if __WORDSIZE == 64
+      tcache_key = (tcache_key << 32) | random_bits ();
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
 /* Caller must ensure that we know tc_idx is valid and there's room
    for more chunks.  */
 static __always_inline void
@@ -3117,7 +3146,7 @@ tcache_put (mchunkptr chunk, size_t tc_idx)
 
   /* Mark this chunk as "in the tcache" so the test in _int_free will
      detect a double free.  */
-  e->key = tcache;
+  e->key = tcache_key;
 
   e->next = PROTECT_PTR (&e->next, tcache->entries[tc_idx]);
   tcache->entries[tc_idx] = e;
@@ -3134,7 +3163,7 @@ tcache_get (size_t tc_idx)
     malloc_printerr ("malloc(): unaligned tcache chunk detected");
   tcache->entries[tc_idx] = REVEAL_PTR (e->next);
   --(tcache->counts[tc_idx]);
-  e->key = NULL;
+  e->key = 0;
   return (void *) e;
 }
 
@@ -4437,7 +4466,7 @@ _int_free (mstate av, mchunkptr p, int have_lock)
 	   trust it (it also matches random payload data at a 1 in
 	   2^<size_t> chance), so verify it's not an unlikely
 	   coincidence before aborting.  */
-	if (__glibc_unlikely (e->key == tcache))
+	if (__glibc_unlikely (e->key == tcache_key))
 	  {
 	    tcache_entry *tmp;
 	    size_t cnt = 0;